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Protocol I (also Additional Protocol I and AP I) [4] is a 1977 amendment protocol to the Geneva Conventions concerning the protection of civilian victims of international war, including "armed conflicts in which peoples are fighting against colonial domination, alien occupation or racist regimes". [5]
Conventions I–IV and Protocols I and II ratified as the Soviet Union. Declaration under Article 90 of Protocol 1 withdrawn in 2019. [34] [35] Rwanda: 1964 1984 1984 — 1993 Saint Kitts and Nevis: 1986 1986 1986 — 2014 Saint Lucia: 1981 1982 1982 — — Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 1981 1983 1983 — 2013 Samoa: 1984 1984 1984 — —
The Additional Protocol II completes the article 3 of the Geneva Conventions adds several forbidden actions and grants to protected persons the rights to "respect for their person, honour and convictions and religious practices". Children continue to benefit from special protection. [79]
A facsimile of the signature-and-seals page of the 1864 Geneva Convention, which established humane rules of war. The original document in single pages, 1864 [1]. The Geneva Conventions are international humanitarian laws consisting of four treaties and three additional protocols that establish international legal standards for humanitarian treatment in war.
These protections were expanded by the Additional Protocols in 1977. Protocol I requires that attacks be limited to military objectives, which are defined as targets that make an "effective contribution to military action" where the destruction of the target provides a "definite military advantage" to the attacker.
Additional Protocol refers to an addition to an international treaty. Additional Protocol may refer to: Additional Protocol to a comprehensive safeguards agreement, approved by the IAEA Board of Governors in 1997; Geneva Conventions additional protocols: Protocol I (1977) Protocol II (1977) Protocol III (2005)
In 1977, this practice was finally outlawed in an interstate armed conflict by Additional Protocol I to the 1949 Geneva Conventions: [1] Article 42 – Occupants of aircraft No person parachuting from an aircraft in distress shall be made the object of attack during his descent.
The clause did not appear in the Geneva Conventions of 1949, [10] but was it included in the additional protocols of 1977. [11] It is in article 1 paragraph 2 of Protocol I (which covers international conflicts), [ 12 ] and the fourth paragraph of the preamble to Protocol II (which covers non-international conflicts). [ 13 ]