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DSB-SC is basically an amplitude modulation wave without the carrier, therefore reducing power waste, giving it a 50% efficiency. This is an increase compared to normal AM transmission (DSB) that has a maximum efficiency of 33.333%, since 2/3 of the power is in the carrier which conveys no useful information and both sidebands containing identical copies of the same information.
Double-sideband reduced carrier transmission (DSB-RC): transmission in which (a) the frequencies produced by amplitude modulation are symmetrically spaced above and below the carrier and (b) the carrier level is reduced for transmission at a fixed level below that which is provided to the modulator.
Reduced-carrier transmission is an amplitude modulation (AM) transmission in which the carrier signal level is reduced to reduce wasted electrical power. Suppressed-carrier transmission is a special case in which the carrier level is reduced below that required for demodulation by a normal receiver .
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Single-sideband modulation with full carrier (e.g. as used by CHU) J: Single-sideband with suppressed carrier (e.g. Shortwave utility and amateur stations) K: Pulse-amplitude modulation: L: Pulse-width modulation (e.g. as used by WWVB) M: Pulse-position modulation: N: Unmodulated carrier (steady, single-frequency signal) P: Sequence of pulses ...
Single-sideband modulation with full carrier (H2A/H2B) is another form of modulated CW (MCW). Amateur radio operators may also use A2A to transmit Morse code, however it would be more typical to send it as CW, rather than MCW, using single-sideband modulation with a suppressed carrier, which reduces the bandwidth and power requirements.
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A Costas loop is a phase-locked loop (PLL) based circuit which is used for carrier frequency recovery from suppressed-carrier modulation signals (e.g. double-sideband suppressed carrier signals) and phase modulation signals (e.g. BPSK, QPSK). It was invented by John P. Costas at General Electric in the 1950s.