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  2. x86 instruction listings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_instruction_listings

    The default OperandSize and AddressSize to use for each instruction is given by the D bit of the segment descriptor of the current code segment - D=0 makes both 16-bit, D=1 makes both 32-bit. Additionally, they can be overridden on a per-instruction basis with two new instruction prefixes that were introduced in the 80386:

  3. List of x86 cryptographic instructions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_x86_cryptographic...

    Description Added in RNG Random Number Generation. XSTORE, XSTORE-RNG: NFx 0F A7 C0: Store random bytes to ES:[rDI], and increment ES:rDI accordingly. XSTORE will store currently-available bytes, which may be from 0 to 8 bytes. REP XSTORE and REP XRNG2 will write the number of random bytes specified by rCX, waiting for the random number ...

  4. Byte addressing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_addressing

    For example, 32-bit x86 processors have 32-bit general-purpose registers and can handle 32-bit (4-byte) data in single instructions. However, data in memory may be of various lengths. Instruction sets that support byte addressing supports accessing data in units that are narrower than the word length.

  5. Memory address - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_address

    For example, the Data General Nova minicomputer, and the Texas Instruments TMS9900 and National Semiconductor IMP-16 microcomputers used 16 bit words, and there were many 36-bit mainframe computers (e.g., PDP-10) which used 18-bit word addressing, not byte addressing, giving an address space of 2 18 36-bit words, approximately 1 megabyte of ...

  6. IA-32 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IA-32

    The primary defining characteristic of IA-32 is the availability of 32-bit general-purpose processor registers (for example, EAX and EBX), 32-bit integer arithmetic and logical operations, 32-bit offsets within a segment in protected mode, and the translation of segmented addresses to 32-bit linear addresses. The designers took the opportunity ...

  7. A20 line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A20_line

    A microprocessor typically has a number of address lines equal to the base-two logarithm of the number of words in its physical address space. For example, a processor with 4 GB of byte-addressable physical space requires 32 lines (log 2 (4 GB) = log 2 (2 32 B) = 32), which are named A0 through A31. The lines are named after the zero-based ...

  8. Interrupt descriptor table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrupt_descriptor_table

    The IDTR register is used to store both the linear base address and the limit (length in bytes minus 1) of the IDT. When an interrupt occurs, the processor multiplies the interrupt vector by the entry size (8 for protected mode, 16 for long mode) and adds the result to the IDT base address. [ 4 ]

  9. Virtual address space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_address_space

    In computing, a virtual address space (VAS) or address space is the set of ranges of virtual addresses that an operating system makes available to a process. [1] The range of virtual addresses usually starts at a low address and can extend to the highest address allowed by the computer's instruction set architecture and supported by the operating system's pointer size implementation, which can ...