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Ethnographic map of the Austrian Empire c. 1855 which also shows the boundaries of the crown lands and Kreise. A Kreis (pl. Kreise) or 'Circle' was an administrative division of the Habsburg monarchy and Austrian Empire between 1748 and 1867.
The Austrian Empire was the main beneficiary from the Congress of Vienna and it established an alliance with Britain, Prussia, and Russia forming the Quadruple Alliance. [8] The Austrian Empire also gained new territories from the Congress of Vienna, and its influence expanded to the north through the German Confederation and also into Italy. [8]
During the early modern period, the Holy Roman Empire was divided into imperial circles (Latin: Circuli imperii; German: Reichskreise [ˈʁaɪçsˌkʁaɪzə]; singular: Circulus imperii, Reichskreis [ˈʁaɪçsˌkʁaɪs]), administrative groupings whose primary purposes were the organization of common defensive structure and the collection of imperial taxes.
Consequently, in the 18th century the circle was known as Austrian Netherlands as the Austrian Habsburgs had obtained the territory from Spain earlier in that century. The occupation and subsequent annexation of Imperial territory to the west of the Rhine river by Revolutionary France in the 1790s effectively brought an end to the circle's ...
The Austrian Circle (German: Österreichischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire. It was one of the four Imperial Circles created by decree after the 1512 Diet at Cologne , twelve years after the original six Circles were established in the course of the Imperial Reform .
A map showing the Kreise and Kreisdistrikte of Galicia and Lodomeria 1777–82. The Kreise (lit. ' circles '; sg. Kreis; Polish: cyrkuły, sg. cyrkuł; Ukrainian: округи okruhy, sg. округ okruh) of Galicia and Lodomeria go back in some form to the aftermath of the First Partition of Poland in 1772 which led to the Kingdom's creation, but did not take something resembling their final ...
In 1860 the Kingdom of Sardinia united almost all Italian lands into the newly re-formed Kingdom of Italy, and within the next decade the remainder of Italian lands not part of the Austrian Empire/Austria-Hungary, Switzerland or San Marino were also integrated. Kingdom of Sardinia – 1860: Kingdom of Italy – 1861: Kingdom of Italy – 1870
English: Flag map of the Austrian Empire (1816-1869) Deutsch: Flaggenkarte des österreichischen Kaiserreichs (1816-1869) Date: 7 March 2024: Source: