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Ethnographic map of the Austrian Empire c. 1855 which also shows the boundaries of the crown lands and Kreise. A Kreis (pl. Kreise) ...
The Bavarian Circle (German: Bayerischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire.. The most significant state by far in the circle was the Duchy of Bavaria (raised to an Electorate by Emperor Ferdinand II in 1623) with the Upper Palatinate territories. [1]
A map showing the Kreise and Kreisdistrikte of Galicia and Lodomeria 1777–82. The Kreise (lit. ' circles '; sg. Kreis; Polish: cyrkuły, sg. cyrkuł; Ukrainian: округи okruhy, sg. округ okruh) of Galicia and Lodomeria go back in some form to the aftermath of the First Partition of Poland in 1772 which led to the Kingdom's creation, but did not take something resembling their final ...
Although the empire lost several western territories after the secession of the Seven United Netherlands in 1581 and during the French annexations of the 1679 Peace of Nijmegen, the ten circles remained largely unchanged until the early 1790s, when the French Revolutionary Wars brought about significant changes to the political map of Europe.
Kreis (Habsburg monarchy), a former type of subdivision of the Habsburg monarchy and Austrian Empire Reichkreise , or Imperial Circles , ceremonial associations of several regional monarchies ( Reichsländer ) and/or imperial cities ( Reichsstädte ) in the Holy Roman Empire
The Circle of Swabia or Swabian Circle (German: Schwäbischer Reichskreis or Schwäbischer Kreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1500 on the territory of the former German stem-duchy of Swabia.
Most major cities in Germany are not part of any Kreis, but instead combine the functions of a municipality and a Kreis; such a city is referred to as a kreisfreie Stadt [e] ([ˈkʁaɪsfʁaɪə ˈʃtat]) or Stadtkreis [f] ([ˈʃtatˌkʁaɪs] ⓘ).
The Burgundian Circle (German: Burgundischer Kreis, Dutch: Bourgondische Kreits, French: Cercle de Bourgogne) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire created in 1512 and significantly enlarged in 1548.