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The population is divided between the sovereign country Bangladesh and the Indian regions of West Bengal, Tripura, Barak Valley, Goalpara, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and parts of Meghalaya, Manipur and Jharkhand. [58] Most speak Bengali, a classical language from the Indo-Aryan language family.
Bangladesh's tribal population was enumerated at 897,828 in the 1981 census. [32] These tribes are concentrated in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and around Mymensingh, Sylhet, and Rajshahi. They are of Sino-Tibetan descent and differ markedly in their social customs, religion, language and level of development.
[3] [1] Bengali Language Implementation Act, 1987 made it mandatory to use Bengali in all government affairs except in the cases of foreign relations. [4] According to a 2022 census, Bengali is predominantly spoken by 99% of the country's population and it also serves as the national language of the nation.
This language was essentially oral until the arrival of European missionaries. Particularly significant in this regard was a Welsh missionary, Thomas Jones, who transcribed the Khasi language into Roman Script. The Khasi people form the majority of the population of the eastern part of Meghalaya.
[49] [50] [51] The minority Bengali Hindu population made up approximately 7.95% of the population of the country according to the 2022 Census [52] [53] Non-Bengali Muslims make up the largest immigrant community; while the Tibeto-Burman Chakmas, who speak the Indo-Aryan Chakma language, are the largest indigenous ethnic group after Indo-Aryan ...
Bengali is the official, national, and most widely spoken language of Bangladesh, [10] [11] [12] with 98% of Bangladeshis using Bengali as their first language. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] It is the second-most widely spoken language in India .
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The people of the Hunza Valley in Pakistan are another distinct population; they speak Burushaski, a language isolate. The traditions of different ethnic groups in South Asia have diverged, influenced by external cultures, especially in the northwestern parts of South Asia and also in the border regions and busy ports, where there are greater ...