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Cameo of Ptolemaic rulers (Kunsthistorisches Museum) Continuing the tradition established by previous Egyptian dynasties , the Ptolemies engaged in inbreeding including sibling marriage , with many of the pharaohs being married to their siblings and often co-ruling with them. [ 21 ]
A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period. Volume 2 – The Coming of the Greeks: The Early Hellenistic Period (335 – 175 BC). T&T Clark. ISBN 978-0-567-03396-3. Grainger, John D. (2010). The Syrian Wars. Brill. pp. 281– 328. ISBN 9789004180505. Hölbl, Günther (2000). A History of the Ptolemaic Empire. Translated by ...
According to Polybius, King Antigonus I Monophthalmus established the Syrian kingdom which included Coele-Syria. [5] The Seleucid king Antiochus III the Great defeated the Ptolemaic Kingdom in the Battle of Panium (200 BC); he annexed the Syrian lands controlled by Egypt (Coele-Syria) and united them with his Syrian lands, thus gaining control of the entirety of Syria. [6]
The Ptolemaic dynasty (305 BCE−30 BCE) — rulers of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Hellenistic Greece based in ancient Egypt. Ancient Egypt portal; History portal
Ptolemy XIV Philopator (Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Φιλοπάτωρ, [1] Ptolemaios; c. 59 – 44 BC) was a Pharaoh of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, who reigned from 47 until his death in 44 BC.
Ptolemais Hermiou was established on the west bank of the Nile at the site of the Egyptian village of Psoï in the Thinis nome by the Ptolemaic ruler Ptolemy I Soter sometime after 312 BCE. [2] Whether it was intended from the outset to replace Thebes as a political centre is disputed. [ 3 ]
The battle of Raphia marked a turning-point in Ptolemaic history. The native Egyptian element in 2nd-century Ptolemaic administration and culture grew in influence, driven in part by Egyptians having played a major role in the battle and in part by the financial pressures on the state aggravated [ 9 ] by the cost of the war itself.
Evidence of co-rulership in early dynasty is ambiguous. List of Ptolemaic queens who could be co-rulers with their husband includes: Arsinoe II (c. 277-270 BC) possibly [5] ruled alongside her brother-husband Ptolemy II. Berenice II (c. 244-222 BC) possibly [a] ruled alongside her husband Ptolemy III.