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Intuitively, the lower the number needed to harm, the worse the risk factor, with 1 meaning that every exposed person is harmed. NNH is similar to number needed to treat (NNT), where NNT usually refers to a positive therapeutic result and NNH to a detrimental effect or risk factor. Marginal metrics: NNT for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB)
Risk is the lack of certainty about the outcome of making a particular choice. Statistically, the level of downside risk can be calculated as the product of the probability that harm occurs (e.g., that an accident happens) multiplied by the severity of that harm (i.e., the average amount of harm or more conservatively the maximum credible amount of harm).
English: A rational scale to assess the harm of drugs. Data source is the March 24, 2007 article: Nutt, David, Leslie A King, William Saulsbury, Colin Blakemore. "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse" The Lancet 2007; 369:1047-1053.
However, scientific patient safety research by Annegret Hannawa, and others, has shown that ineffective communication can lead to patient harm. [28] [29] [30] Communication regarding patient safety can be classified into two categories: the prevention of adverse events and the response to adverse events. Effective communication can help in the ...
Rapid technological change, increasing scale of industrial complexes, increased system integration, market competition, and other factors have been shown to increase societal risk in the past few decades. [1] As such, risk assessments become increasingly critical in mitigating accidents, improving safety, and improving outcomes.
In its simplest form, the hazard ratio can be interpreted as the chance of an event occurring in the treatment arm divided by the chance of the event occurring in the control arm, or vice versa, of a study. The resolution of these endpoints are usually depicted using Kaplan–Meier survival curves. These curves relate the proportion of each ...
In an ideal world no person should ever be arrested for possession of these drugs but society should encourage (with or without a stick) treatment for those drugs at the far ends of the scale and they should recognize the damage caused by presently legal drugs before ranting and lying about the affects of other drugs which are shown to cause ...
Relative risk is commonly used to present the results of randomized controlled trials. [5] This can be problematic if the relative risk is presented without the absolute measures, such as absolute risk, or risk difference. [6]