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Purpura (/ ˈ p ɜːr p jʊər ə / [1]) is a condition of red or purple discolored spots on the skin that do not blanch on applying pressure. The spots are caused by bleeding underneath the skin secondary to platelet disorders, vascular disorders, coagulation disorders, or other causes. [2]
Erysipelas (/ ˌ ɛ r ə ˈ s ɪ p ə l ə s /) is a relatively common bacterial infection of the superficial layer of the skin (upper dermis), extending to the superficial lymphatic vessels within the skin, characterized by a raised, well-defined, tender, bright red rash, typically on the face or legs, but which can occur anywhere on the skin.
There are numerous causes of palpable purpura, such as autoimmune diseases, drug reactions, vaccinations, and infections.The most common infectious causes are N. gonorrhoeae, S. aureus, and N. meningitides, however palpable purpura has also been caused by Mycoplasma spp., Rickettsiae, Mycobacterium, and very rarely by Treponema pallidum, Brucella spp., Yersinia, Campylobacter, and Bartonella.
The rash often appears on the face near the hairline, then spreads down to the feet. Other symptoms to note : The rash is accompanied by flu-like symptoms, including high fever, cough, and runny nose.
The legs and face are the most common sites involved, although cellulitis can occur on any part of the body. [1] The leg is typically affected following a break in the skin. [1] Other risk factors include obesity, leg swelling, and old age. [1] For facial infections, a break in the skin beforehand is not usually the case. [1]
Typical purpura on lower leg More severe case of HSP on child's foot, leg, and arm. Purpura, arthritis, and abdominal pain are known as the "classic triad" of Henoch–Schönlein purpura. [5] Purpura occur in all cases, joint pains and arthritis in 80%, and abdominal pain in 62%.
Edema primarily affects the extremities, especially the backs of the hands and feet. It is frequently asymmetric and begins distally. [4] It can spread to the forearms and legs, but it can also appear on the face, eyelids, earlobes, and even the scrotum. [5] Edema can be painful. [6] AHEI can sometimes appear without fever or edema but without ...
The dermis is the layer of skin between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue, and comprises two sections, the papillary dermis and the reticular dermis. [10] The superficial papillary dermis interdigitates with the overlying rete ridges of the epidermis, between which the two layers interact through the basement membrane zone. [10]