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The most comprehensive social exchange theories are those of the American social psychologists John W. Thibaut (1917–1986) and Harold H. Kelley (1921–2003), the American sociologists George C. Homans (1910–1989), Peter M. Blau (1918–2002), Richard Marc Emerson (d. 1982), and Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908–2009). [1]
George Caspar Homans (August 11, 1910 – May 29, 1989) was an American sociologist, founder of behavioral sociology, the 54th president of the American Sociological Association, and one of the architects of social exchange theory. Homans is best known in science for his research in social behavior and his works The Human Group, Social Behavior ...
Peter Michael Blau (February 7, 1918 – March 12, 2002) was an American sociologist and theorist.Born in Vienna, Austria, he immigrated to the United States in 1939.He completed his PhD doctoral thesis with Robert K. Merton at Columbia University in 1952, laying an early theory for the dynamics of bureaucracy.
Peter M. Blau built on the work done by George C. Homans in Exchange and Power in Social Life (1964). Later modifications to this theory focus attention on relational development and maintenance rules (see Murstein et al.). Thibaut's later research was in the area of procedural justice, where he co-authored a book with legal expert Laurens Walker.
Social Exchange Theory models social interaction as a series of exchanges between actors who give one another rewards and penalties, which impacts and guides future behavior. George Homans' version of exchange theory specifically argues that behaviorist stimulus-response principles can explain the emergence of complex social structures.
Exchange theory is specifically attributed to the work of George C. Homans, Peter Blau, and Richard Emerson. [23] Organizational sociologists James G. March and Herbert A. Simon noted that an individual's rationality is bounded by the context or organizational setting.
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Peter M. Blau (1918–2002) and Otis Duncan (1921–2004) were the first sociologists to isolate the concept of status attainment. Their initial thesis stated that the lower the level from which a person starts, the greater is the probability that he will be upwardly mobile, simply because many more occupational destinations entail upward mobility for men with low origins than for those with ...