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A hypertensive emergency is very high blood pressure with potentially life-threatening symptoms and signs of acute damage to one or more organ systems (especially brain, eyes, heart, aorta, or kidneys). It is different from a hypertensive urgency by this additional evidence for impending irreversible hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD).
A hypertensive urgency is a clinical situation in which blood pressure is very high (e.g., 220/125 mmHg) with minimal or no symptoms, and no signs or symptoms indicating acute organ damage. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This contrasts with a hypertensive emergency where severely high blood pressure is accompanied by evidence of progressive organ or system damage.
When blood pressure creeps up so high that it causes potentially life-threatening symptoms, it may be a type of high blood pressure crisis known as a hypertensive emergency, says Stephen J. Huot ...
Other symptoms accompanying a hypertensive crisis may include visual deterioration due to retinopathy, breathlessness due to heart failure, or a general feeling of malaise due to kidney failure. [3] Most people with a hypertensive crisis are known to have elevated blood pressure, but additional triggers may have led to a sudden rise. [4]
Life-threatening bleeding. Bleeding results in nearly one-third of deaths from traumatic injuries, which represent the top cause of death for people younger than 44 years in the U.S.
Hypertension is a very common condition, affecting about half of all adults in the U.S. But it doesn’t always have symptoms, so about one in three people don’t know they have it.
Pre-eclampsia can occasionally progress to a life-threatening condition called eclampsia, which is a hypertensive emergency and has several serious complications including vision loss, brain swelling, seizures, kidney failure, pulmonary edema, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (a blood clotting disorder). [25] [37]
The term "hypertensive encephalopathy" was introduced by Oppenheimer and Fishberg in 1928 to describe the case of a patient with acute nephritis, severe hypertension, and cerebral symptoms. [ 6 ] In the past, the term "hypertensive encephalopathy" has been applied to a range of neurological problems occurring in hypertensive patients, such as ...