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  2. Ishmaelites - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishmaelites

    The Ishmaelites (Hebrew: יִשְׁמְעֵאלִים, romanized: Yīšməʿēʾlīm; Arabic: بَنِي إِسْمَاعِيل, romanized: Banī Ismā'īl, lit. 'sons of Ishmael') were a collection of various Arab tribes, tribal confederations and small kingdoms described in Abrahamic tradition as being descended from and named after Ishmael, a prophet according to the Quran, the first son of ...

  3. Mahdi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahdi

    The Mahdi is also viewed as the restorer of true Islam, [16] and the restorer of other monotheistic religions after their distortion and abandonment. [18] He establishes the kingdom of God on earth and Islamizes the whole world. [70] In their true form, it is believed, all monotheistic religions are essentially identical to Islam as "submission ...

  4. History of Islam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Islam

    The history of Islam is believed by most historians [4] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [5] [6] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the ...

  5. Early Muslims - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Muslims

    ' submission ' to God) and became Muslims. This increasingly drew the ire of the Meccan elite, who persecuted the early converts, especially the slaves and social outcasts. [1] While Khadija is universally recognized as the first female convert to Islam, the identity of the second male Muslim, after Muhammad himself, is disputed. [2]

  6. Druze - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druze

    Both religions venerate Shuaib and Muhammad: Shuaib is revered as the chief prophet in the Druze religion, [309] and in Islam he is considered a prophet of God. Muslims regard Muhammad as the final and paramount prophet sent by God, [310] [full citation needed] [311] to the Druze, Muhammad is exalted as one of the seven prophets sent by God in ...

  7. First Islamic State - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Islamic_State

    [32] [67] According to Muslim tradition, Muhammad also sent letters to many rulers of the world, asking them to convert to Islam (the exact date are given variously in the sources). [5] [68] [69] Hence he sent messengers (with letters) to Heraclius of the Byzantine Empire (the eastern Roman Empire), Khosrau of Persia, the chief of Yemen and to ...

  8. Family tree of Muhammad - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad

    According to Islamic prophetic tradition, Muhammad descended from Adnan. [7] Tradition records the genealogy from Adnan to Muhammad comprises 21 generations. The following is the list of chiefs who are said to have ruled the Hejaz and to have been the patrilineal ancestors of Muhammad. [4]

  9. Greek Muslims - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Muslims

    Al-Wathiq – Abū Jaʿfar Hārūn ibn Muḥammad (Arabic: أبو جعفر هارون بن محمد 812–847 ;المعتصم), better known by his regnal name al-Wāthiq Bi’llāh (الواثق بالله, "He who trusts in God"), was an Abbasid caliph who reigned from 842 until 847 AD (227–232 AH in the Islamic calendar).