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  2. Document layout analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_layout_analysis

    Detection and labeling of the different zones (or blocks) as text body, illustrations, math symbols, and tables embedded in a document is called geometric layout analysis. [2] But text zones play different logical roles inside the document (titles, captions, footnotes, etc.) and this kind of semantic labeling is the scope of the logical layout ...

  3. Attribute grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attribute_grammar

    When a semantic function defines the value of an attribute of the symbol on the left hand side of the rule, the attribute is called synthesized; otherwise it is called inherited. [2] Thus, synthesized attributes serve to pass semantic information up the parse tree, while inherited attributes allow values to be passed from the parent nodes down ...

  4. Lexical analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_analysis

    Lexical tokenization is the conversion of a raw text into (semantically or syntactically) meaningful lexical tokens, belonging to categories defined by a "lexer" program, such as identifiers, operators, grouping symbols, and data types. The resulting tokens are then passed on to some other form of processing.

  5. Natural Language Toolkit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Language_Toolkit

    The Natural Language Toolkit, or more commonly NLTK, is a suite of libraries and programs for symbolic and statistical natural language processing (NLP) for English written in the Python programming language. It supports classification, tokenization, stemming, tagging, parsing, and semantic reasoning functionalities. [4]

  6. Semantic analysis (machine learning) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_analysis_(machine...

    Semantic analysis strategies include: Metalanguages based on first-order logic, which can analyze the speech of humans. [1]: 93- Understanding the semantics of a text is symbol grounding: if language is grounded, it is equal to recognizing a machine-readable meaning. For the restricted domain of spatial analysis, a computer-based language ...

  7. Syntax (programming languages) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax_(programming_languages)

    Parse tree of Python code with inset tokenization. The syntax of textual programming languages is usually defined using a combination of regular expressions (for lexical structure) and Backus–Naur form (a metalanguage for grammatical structure) to inductively specify syntactic categories (nonterminal) and terminal symbols. [7]

  8. Abstract syntax tree - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_syntax_tree

    An abstract syntax tree (AST) is a data structure used in computer science to represent the structure of a program or code snippet. It is a tree representation of the abstract syntactic structure of text (often source code) written in a formal language.

  9. Explicit semantic analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_semantic_analysis

    Specifically, in ESA, a word is represented as a column vector in the tf–idf matrix of the text corpus and a document (string of words) is represented as the centroid of the vectors representing its words. Typically, the text corpus is English Wikipedia, though other corpora including the Open Directory Project have been used. [1]