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The second law is offered as a simple observation in the same essay but its status as Clarke's second law was conferred by others. It was initially a derivative of the first law and formally became Clarke's second law where the author proposed the third law in the 1973 revision of Profiles of the Future , which included an acknowledgement. [ 4 ]
Newton's second law is sometimes presented as a definition of force, i.e., a force is that which exists when an inertial observer sees a body accelerating. In order for this to be more than a tautology — acceleration implies force, force implies acceleration — some other statement about force must also be made.
Lionel Robbins' Essay (1932, 1935, 2nd ed., 158 pp.) sought to define more precisely economics as a science and to derive substantive implications. Analysis is relative to "accepted solutions of particular problems" based on best modern practice as referenced, especially including the works of Philip Wicksteed, Ludwig von Mises, and other Continental European economists.
Econophysics is a non-orthodox (in economics) interdisciplinary research field, applying theories and methods originally developed by physicists in order to solve problems in economics, usually those including uncertainty or stochastic processes and nonlinear dynamics.
Lessig identifies four forces that constrain our actions: the law, social norms, the market, and architecture. [1] The law threatens sanction if it is not obeyed. Social norms are enforced by the community. [1] Markets through supply and demand set a price on various items or behaviors. [1]
In later fiction where robots had taken responsibility for government of whole planets and human civilizations, Asimov also added a fourth, or zeroth law, to precede the others. The Three Laws, and the Zeroth, have pervaded science fiction and are referred to in many books, films, and other media.
Science in science fiction is the study or of how science is portrayed in works of science fiction, including novels, stories, and films. It covers a large range of topics. Hard science fiction is based on engineering or the "hard" sciences (for example, physics, astronomy, or chemistry).
Law and economics, or economic analysis of law, is the application of microeconomic theory to the analysis of law.The field emerged in the United States during the early 1960s, primarily from the work of scholars from the Chicago school of economics such as Aaron Director, George Stigler, and Ronald Coase.