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In toxicology, the lethal dose (LD) is an indication of the lethal toxicity of a given substance or type of radiation. Because resistance varies from one individual to another, the "lethal dose" represents a dose (usually recorded as dose per kilogram of subject body weight) at which a given percentage of subjects will die.
The OSHA definition is part of a legal standard, which is the minimum legal requirement. Users or employers are encouraged to apply proper judgment to avoid taking unnecessary risks, even if the only immediate hazard is "reversible", such as temporary pain, disorientation, nausea, or non-toxic contamination.
The TLV for chemical substances is defined as a concentration in air, typically for inhalation or skin exposure. Its units are in parts per million (ppm) for gases and in milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m 3 ) for particulates such as dust , smoke and mist .
The limiting oxygen concentration is shown in the lower right of the diagram. The limiting oxygen concentration ( LOC ), [ 1 ] also known as the minimum oxygen concentration ( MOC ), [ 2 ] is defined as the limiting concentration of oxygen below which combustion is not possible, independent of the concentration of fuel.
Toxic: a chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC 50) in air of more than 200 parts per million (ppm) but not more than 2,000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, or more than 2 milligrams per liter but not more than 20 milligrams per liter of mist, fume or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for 1 hour (or less if death occurs within 1 hour) to albino rats ...
Absolute lethal concentration, LC 100; Absolute lethal dose, LD 100 The most referenced value in the chemical industry is the median lethal dose, or LD50. This is the concentration of substance which resulted in the death of 50% of test subjects (typically mice or rats) in the laboratory.
The LC 50 of soman in air is estimated to be 70 mg min per m 3. Compared with the LC 50 value for a rat, the human lethal concentration is much lower (954.3 mg min/m 3 versus 70 mg min/m 3). For compounds such as soman, which may also be used as a weapon, often a fraction of the LC 50 dose is where the first effects appear.
In toxicology, the lowest published toxic dose (Toxic Dose Low, TD Lo) is the lowest dosage per unit of bodyweight (typically stated in milligrams per kilogram) of a substance known to have produced signs of toxicity in a particular animal species. [1]