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A B-cell receptor includes both CD79 and the immunoglobulin. The plasma membrane of a B cell is indicated by the green phospholipids. The B- cell receptor extends both outside the cell (above the plasma membrane) and inside the cell (below the membrane). The B-cell receptor (BCR) is a transmembrane protein on the surface of a B cell.
The receptor CCR6 is generally a marker of B cells that will eventually differentiate into MBCs. This receptor detects chemokines, which are chemical messengers that allow the B cell to move within the body. Memory B cells may have this receptor to allow them to move out of the germinal center and into the tissues where they have a higher ...
Since CD19 is a marker of B cells, the protein has been used to diagnose cancers that arise from this type of cell - notably B cell lymphomas, acute lymphoblastic leukemia , and chronic lymphocytic leukemia . [8] The majority of B cell malignancies express normal to high levels of CD19.
B cells, unlike the other two classes of lymphocytes, T cells and natural killer cells, express B cell receptors (BCRs) on their cell membrane. [1] BCRs allow the B cell to bind to a foreign antigen, against which it will initiate an antibody response. [1] B cell receptors are extremely specific, with all BCRs on a B cell recognizing the same ...
Regulatory B cells (Bregs or B reg cells) represent a small population of B cells that participates in immunomodulation and in the suppression of immune responses. The population of Bregs can be further separated into different human or murine subsets such as B10 cells, marginal zone B cells, Br1 cells, GrB + B cells, CD9 + B cells, and even some plasmablasts or plasma cells.
Similar to B1 B cells, MZ B cells can be rapidly recruited into the early adaptive immune responses in a T cell-independent manner. [9] The MZ B cells are especially well-positioned as the first line of defense against systemic blood-borne antigens that enter the circulation and become trapped in the spleen. [10]
The CD79a protein is present on the surface of B-cells throughout their life cycle, and is absent on all other healthy cells, making it a highly reliable marker for B-cells in immunohistochemistry. The protein remains present when B-cells transform into active plasma cells , and is also present in virtually all B-cell neoplasms , including B ...
Like CD19, CD22 is a cell surface marker for lymphocytes that is present on most B cell malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia and various subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. CD22 expression has been shown to be maintained in acute lymphoblastic leukemia that has lost CD19, making anti-CD22 a ...