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An ophthalmoscopic view of the retina showing advanced signs of diabetic retinopathy including two pale cotton wool spots. Cotton wool spots are opaque fluffy white patches on the retina of the eye that are considered an abnormal finding during a funduscopic exam (also called an ophthalmoscopic exam). [1] Cotton wool spots are typically a sign ...
Fundus photography in animals: Fundus photography is a useful tool utilised for veterinary research, veterinary ophthalmology, as well as education. [20] Numerous studies have used it as a research method for the study of ocular and systemic conditions in animals.
The spot to the left of the centre is the macula. The grey, more diffuse spot in the centre is a shadow artifact. The fundus of the eye is the interior surface of the eye opposite the lens and includes the retina, optic disc, macula, fovea, and posterior pole. [1] The fundus can be examined by ophthalmoscopy [1] and/or fundus photography.
Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease) is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes.It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries and one of the lead causes of sight loss in the world, even though there are many new therapies and improved treatments for helping people live with diabetes.
Advanced retinopathy lesions, such as microaneurysms, blot hemorrhages and/or flame hemorrhages, ischemic changes (e.g. "cotton wool spots"), hard exudates and in severe cases swelling of the optic disc (optic disc edema), a ring of exudates around the retina called a "macular star" and visual acuity loss, typically due to macular involvement.
Examination findings may include microaneurysms, cotton wool spots, dot and blot hemorrhages, and neovascularization. [8] [10] Dilated fundus exam is the preferred method of diagnosis, as undilated exam may be too limited to visualize lesions or neovascularization that are more peripheral. [11]
There was also evidence of optic-disc edema in the right eye. A fundus examination postflight revealed a "new onset" cotton-wool spot in the left eye. This was not observed in the fundus photographs taken 3 weeks postflight. [5] Figure 13: Fundus examination of the sixth case of visual changes from long-duration spaceflight. Preflight images of ...
Findings that can be identified with fundoscopic examination include different types of retinal hemorrhages and vitreous hemorrhages, neovascularization, cotton wool spots, drusen, changes in the caliber or shape of the retinal blood vessels, changes in optic nerve color and shape, changes in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), uveal nevus ...