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Radical elimination can be viewed as the reverse of radical addition. In radical elimination, an unstable radical compound breaks down into a spin-paired molecule and a new radical compound. Shown below is an example of a radical elimination reaction, where a benzoyloxy radical breaks down into a phenyl radical and a carbon dioxide molecule. [7]
Another example is Kolbe electrolysis. Radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution is a special case of nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Carbon–carbon coupling reactions, for example manganese-mediated coupling reactions. Elimination reactions; Free radicals can be formed by photochemical reaction and thermal fission reaction or by ...
Pages in category "Free radicals" The following 82 pages are in this category, out of 82 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...
Free radicals can oxidize LDL, and this is a key event in the formation of plaque in arteries, leading to heart disease and stroke. [23] These are examples of how the free-radical theory of aging has been used to neatly "explain" the origin of many chronic diseases. [24]
Free radical toxicity induced by xenobiotics and the subsequent detoxification by cellular enzymes (termination). Effects of ROS on cell metabolism are well documented in a variety of species. [ 20 ] These include not only roles in apoptosis (programmed cell death) but also positive effects such as the induction of host defence [ 37 ] [ 38 ...
Chain propagation: A radical reacts with a non-radical to produce a new radical species; Chain termination: Two radicals react with each other to create a non-radical species; In a free-radical addition, there are two chain propagation steps. In one, the adding radical attaches to a multiply-bonded precursor to give a radical with lesser bond ...
Free radicals, reactive chemicals that damage our cells, are believed to contribute to cancer development. Antioxidants protect the body from the harmful effects of free radicals by bolstering ...
For example, when polystyrene decomposes upon heating at a temperature above 300 °C, a styrene monomer is generated via a radical elimination mechanism (See Fig. 2). [2] Here, the new radical is generated on the polymer chain, which can further undergo a similar type of reaction to generate more styrene molecules.