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Kojic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOCH 2 C 5 H 2 O 2 OH. ... 13 C-Labeling studies have revealed at least two pathways to kojic acid. In the usual ...
The Raper–Mason (melanogenesis) pathway, depicting the steps in melanin synthesis [20]. DHI- 5,6 dihydroxyindole, DHICA - 5,6- dihydroxyphenylalanine, GGT - Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, GST - Glutathione-S-transferase; L-Dopa - Levo- Dopa, TRP-2 - Tyrosinase- related protein 2 A representative phylogenetic tree cladogram of tyrosinase proteins.
Alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) is used as a skin bleacher. Its biochemical mechanism is unclear. [6] Side effects may include sun sensitivity, skin redness, thickening, or itching. [6] Low concentrations may be used in cosmetics. [6] Kojic acid has been found to be an effective lightener in some studies and is also allowed to be used in cosmetics. [6]
The combination of kojic acid, 10% glycolic acid and tranexamic acid “act synergistically for brightening skin overall and lightening dark spots,” says Castilla, who notes that it’s a ...
The ascorbate-glutathione cycle, sometimes Foyer-Halliwell-Asada pathway, is a metabolic pathway that detoxifies hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), a reactive oxygen species that is produced as a waste product in metabolism. The cycle involves the antioxidant metabolites: ascorbate, glutathione and NADPH and the enzymes linking these metabolites. [1]
The Wood–Ljungdahl pathway is a set of biochemical reactions used by some bacteria. It is also known as the reductive acetyl-coenzyme A ( acetyl-CoA ) pathway . [ 1 ] This pathway enables these organisms to use hydrogen ( H 2 ) as an electron donor , and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as an electron acceptor and as a building block for biosynthesis .
The acetate pathway, also known as the polyketide pathway, is a fundamental biosynthetic route in organisms for the production of fatty acids and polyketides. This pathway operates at the interface of central metabolism and specialized metabolite synthesis, playing a crucial role in the synthesis of both primary and secondary metabolites. [2 ...
Vinegar-based brines, like the ones used in homemade quick pickles, bring more than just a boost of acid. "The sour taste is also a great way to naturally encourage the secretion of saliva and ...
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