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Placenta praevia or placenta previa is when the placenta attaches inside the uterus but in a position near or over the cervical opening. [1] Symptoms include vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy . [ 1 ]
Placenta previa is a condition that occurs when the placenta fully or partially covers the cervix. [13] Placenta previa can be further categorized into complete previa, partial previa, marginal previa, and low-lying placenta, depending on the degree to which the placenta covers the internal cervical os.
Along with placenta previa and uterine rupture it is one of the most common causes of vaginal bleeding in the later part of pregnancy. [6] Placental abruption is the reason for about 15% of infant deaths around the time of birth. [ 2 ]
The anomaly scan, also sometimes called the anatomy scan, 20-week ultrasound, or level 2 ultrasound, evaluates anatomic structures of the fetus, placenta, and maternal pelvic organs. This scan is an important and common component of routine prenatal care . [ 1 ]
Premature delivery: Premature birth of the fetus occurs at less than 37 weeks of gestation, compared to full-term delivery at about 40 weeks. [medical citation needed] Miscarriage: Loss of a fetus prior to birth via miscarriage can transpire if any of the above complications occur without prompt intervention and treatment.
[19] [20] Oxytocin and antibiotics are used for post-surgical management. [21] When there is partially separated placenta with focal accreta, removal of placenta may be reasonable if maternal status is stable. If it is important to save the woman's uterus (for future pregnancies) then resection around the placenta may be successful.
[20] [21] The mother may also experience vaginal bleeding, particularly in the third trimester. [11] Women with velamentous cord insertion may not experience any symptoms throughout pregnancy. [ 16 ] During delivery, there may be slow or abnormal fetal heart rate patterns [ 3 ] [ 10 ] [ 19 ] and there may be excessive bleeding or hemorrhage ...
It gives an accurate risk profile very early. A second blood screen at 15 to 20 weeks refines the risk more accurately. [13] The cost is higher than an "AFP-quad" screen due to the ultrasound and second blood test, but it is quoted to have a 93% pick up rate as opposed to 88% for the standard AFP/QS.