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Supernova nucleosynthesis is the nucleosynthesis of chemical elements in supernova explosions.. In sufficiently massive stars, the nucleosynthesis by fusion of lighter elements into heavier ones occurs during sequential hydrostatic burning processes called helium burning, carbon burning, oxygen burning, and silicon burning, in which the byproducts of one nuclear fuel become, after ...
The r-process can typically synthesize the heaviest four isotopes of every heavy element; of these, the heavier two are called r-only nuclei because they are created exclusively via the r-process. Abundance peaks for the r -process occur near mass numbers A = 82 (elements Se, Br, and Kr), A = 130 (elements Te, I, and Xe) and A = 196 (elements ...
The r-process is responsible for our natural cohort of radioactive elements, such as uranium and thorium, as well as the most neutron-rich isotopes of each heavy element. The rp-process (rapid proton) involves the rapid absorption of free protons as well as neutrons, but its role and its existence are less certain.
Scientists discovered a method to create element 116 using a titanium beam, paving the way for future synthesis of element 120, the "holy grail" of chemistry.
The stable alpha elements are: C, O, Ne, Mg, Si, and S. The elements Ar and Ca are "observationally stable". They are synthesized by alpha capture prior to the silicon fusing stage, that leads to Type II supernovae. Si and Ca are purely alpha process elements. Mg can be separately consumed by proton capture reactions.
All of the elements heavier than iron have some potential energy to release, in theory. At the extremely heavy end of element production, these heavier elements can produce energy in the process of being split again back toward the size of iron, in the process of nuclear fission.
The alpha process; Fusion of heavier elements: Lithium burning: a process found most commonly in brown dwarfs; Carbon-burning process; Neon-burning process; Oxygen-burning process; Silicon-burning process; Production of elements heavier than iron: Neutron capture: The r-process; The s-process; Proton capture: The rp-process; The p-process ...
Fusing with additional helium nuclei can create heavier elements in a chain of stellar nucleosynthesis known as the alpha process, but these reactions are only significant at higher temperatures and pressures than in cores undergoing the triple-alpha process.