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  2. Halex process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halex_process

    1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene → 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzotrifluoride → 5-fluoro-2-nitrobenzotrifluoride 1,3-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene → 1,3-difluoro-4-nitrobenzene 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile → 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile. The nitro groups in the above compounds can be reduced to give the corresponding aniline. For example ...

  3. 4-Fluoroaniline - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Fluoroaniline

    4-Fluoroaniline is an organofluorine compound with the formula FC 6 H 4 NH 2. A colorless liquid, it is one of three isomers of fluoroaniline. It is used as a precursor to various potential and real applications. 4-Fluoroaniline can be prepared by the hydrogenation of 4-nitrofluorobenzene. [2]

  4. 4-Chloroaniline - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Chloroaniline

    4-Chloroaniline is used in the industrial production of pesticides, drugs, and dyestuffs. It is a precursor to the widely used antimicrobial and bacteriocide chlorhexidine and is used in the manufacture of pesticides, including pyraclostrobin , anilofos , monolinuron , and chlorphthalim .

  5. 4-Fluoronitrobenzene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Fluoronitrobenzene

    It is one of three isomeric fluoronitrobenzenes. [2] A yellow oil, it is prepared from 4-nitrochlorobenzene using the Halex process: O 2 NC 6 H 4 Cl + KF → O 2 NC 6 H 4 F + KCl. 4-Fluoronitrobenzene can be hydrogenated to give 4-fluoroaniline, [3] which is a precursor to the fungicide fluoroimide and parafluorofentanyl.

  6. Organochlorine chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organochlorine_chemistry

    H 2 C=CH 2 + HCl → CH 3 CH 2 Cl. In oxychlorination, hydrogen chloride instead of the more expensive chlorine is used for the same purpose: CH 2 =CH 2 + 2 HCl + 1 ⁄ 2 O 2 → ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl + H 2 O. Secondary and tertiary alcohols react with hydrogen chloride to give the corresponding chlorides.

  7. Ullmann reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ullmann_reaction

    A typical example of classic Ullmann biaryl coupling is the conversion of ortho-chloronitrobenzene into 2,2'-dinitrobiphenyl with a copper - bronze alloy. [9] [10] 2 C 6 H 4 (NO 2)Cl + 2 Cu → (C 6 H 4 (NO 2)) 2 + 2 CuCl. The reaction has been applied to fairly elaborate substrates. Ullmann reaction

  8. 2-Chloro-6-fluorotoluene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Chloro-6-fluorotoluene

    2-Chloro-6-fluorotoluene (CFT) is a halogenated derivative of toluene that is used as an intermediate in numerous organic syntheses. [1] [2] Uses.

  9. Meerwein arylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meerwein_arylation

    A reported reaction of alkene acrylic acid with an aryl diazonium salt and copper(I) bromide and hydrobromic acid yields the α-bromocarboxylic acid. [4] When the alkene is butadiene the initial reaction product with catalyst copper(II) chloride is a 4-chloro-2-butene and after an elimination the aryl substituted butadiene. [5]