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Steerable motors are used to drill the kick-off point. When drilling the kick-off point be sure to avoid drilling a soft formation immediately below a hard one. In hard abrasive formations the high-side forces at kick off can cause severe bit shank wear. Ideally the kick-off point should be selected in a non-abrasive homogenous formation. [2]
As technology has advanced, more modern drillers have better control of the overall well. Oil well control is the management of the dangerous effects caused by the unexpected release of formation fluid, such as natural gas and/or crude oil, upon surface equipment of oil or gas drilling rigs and escaping into the atmosphere.
KBUG – kelly bushing underground (drilling up in coal mines, West Virginia, Baker & Taylor drilling) KCI – potassium chloride; KD – kelly down; KMW – kill mud weight; KOEBD – gas converted to oil-equivalent at 6 million cubic feet = 1 thousand barrels; KOH – potassium hydroxide; KOP – kick-off point (directional drilling) KOP ...
The column of drilling mud exerts downward hydrostatic pressure to counter opposing pressure from the formation being drilled, allowing drilling to proceed. When a kick (influx of formation fluid) occurs, rig operators or automatic systems close the blowout preventer units, sealing the annulus to stop the flow of fluids out of the wellbore ...
Controlled losses allow drilling to continue while keeping the wellbore full, preventing an influx of gas or fluid into the wellbore, known as a "kick", which can lead to a blowout. [ 4 ] A number of options are available when lost circulation occurs, depending on the severity. [ 4 ]
A drill string on a drilling rig is a column, or string, of drill pipe that transmits drilling fluid (via the mud pumps) and torque (via the kelly drive or top drive) to the drill bit. The term is loosely applied to the assembled collection of the smuggler pool, drill collars , tools and drill bit.
The world’s oldest known wild bird has sparked “special joy” among scientists after she laid an egg – her first in four years – at the age of 74.
Geotechnical surveys involve a combination of sampling, drilling, in situ testing as well as laboratory soil testing that is conducted offshore and, with samples, onshore. They serve to ground truth the results of the geophysical investigations; they also provide a detailed account of the seabed stratigraphy and soil engineering properties. [23]