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  2. Expected value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_value

    The book extended the concept of expectation by adding rules for how to calculate expectations in more complicated situations than the original problem (e.g., for three or more players), and can be seen as the first successful attempt at laying down the foundations of the theory of probability. In the foreword to his treatise, Huygens wrote:

  3. Expectation of privacy (United States) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expectation_of_privacy...

    Expectation of privacy must be reasonable, in the sense that society in general would recognize it as such To meet the first part of the test, the person from whom the information was obtained must demonstrate that they, in fact , had an actual, subjective expectation that the evidence obtained would not be available to the public.

  4. Law of total expectation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_total_expectation

    The proposition in probability theory known as the law of total expectation, [1] the law of iterated expectations [2] (LIE), Adam's law, [3] the tower rule, [4] and the smoothing theorem, [5] among other names, states that if is a random variable whose expected value ⁡ is defined, and is any random variable on the same probability space, then

  5. Law of the unconscious statistician - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_unconscious...

    In probability theory and statistics, the law of the unconscious statistician, or LOTUS, is a theorem which expresses the expected value of a function g(X) of a random variable X in terms of g and the probability distribution of X.

  6. Tower rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_rule

    The tower rule may refer to one of two rules in mathematics: Law of total expectation, in probability and stochastic theory; a rule governing the degree of a field extension of a field extension in field theory

  7. Today's Wordle Hint, Answer for #1251 on Thursday, November ...

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/todays-wordle-hint-answer...

    If you’re stuck on today’s Wordle answer, we’re here to help—but beware of spoilers for Wordle 1251 ahead. Let's start with a few hints.

  8. OpenAI's ChatGPT breaches privacy rules, says Italian watchdog

    www.aol.com/news/italy-watchdog-says-openais...

    The authority, known as Garante, is one of the European Union's most proactive in assessing AI platform compliance with the bloc's data privacy regime. Last year, it banned ChatGPT over alleged ...

  9. Bayesian probability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_probability

    Bayesian probability (/ ˈ b eɪ z i ə n / BAY-zee-ən or / ˈ b eɪ ʒ ən / BAY-zhən) [1] is an interpretation of the concept of probability, in which, instead of frequency or propensity of some phenomenon, probability is interpreted as reasonable expectation [2] representing a state of knowledge [3] or as quantification of a personal belief.