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Non-freezing cold injuries (NFCI) is a class of tissue damage caused by sustained exposure to low temperature without actual freezing. [1] There are several forms of NFCI, and the common names may refer to the circumstances in which they commonly occur or were first described, such as trench foot, which was named after its association with trench warfare.
There is a recurrent acute and chronic inflammation and thrombosis of arteries and veins of the hands and feet. The main symptom is pain in the affected areas, at rest and while walking (claudication). [1] The impaired circulation increases sensitivity to cold. Peripheral pulses are diminished or absent. There are color changes in the extremities.
The prevalence of PAD in the general population is 3–7%, affecting up to 20% of those over 70; [85] 70%–80% of affected individuals are asymptomatic; only a minority ever require revascularization or amputation. [citation needed] Peripheral artery disease affects one in three diabetics over the age of 50. In the US, it affects 12–20 ...
Symptoms may also include intermittent claudication or pain at rest. In late stages, paresthesia is replaced by anesthesia (numbness) due to death of nerve cells. [ 11 ] In severe cases, gangrene can occur suddenly and spread rapidly, [ 12 ] and should be treated within six hours of ischaemia.
In many cases, fallen arches happen when a tendon in your foot weakens, making it unable to support the arch, Dr. MaCalus V. Hogan, chair of orthopedic surgery and chief of foot and ankle surgery ...
If the impaired vein function causes significant symptoms, such as swelling and ulcer formation, it is referred to as chronic venous disease. [3] It is sometimes called chronic peripheral venous insufficiency and should not be confused with post-thrombotic syndrome in which the deep veins have been damaged by previous deep vein thrombosis .
Veronica Brown lived with chronic fatigue, depression, and anxiety for over 10 years before she learned they were early signs of Parkinson's disease. Here's how she found relief after diagnosis.
On inspection the clinician looks for signs of: trauma; previous surgery ()muscle wasting/muscle asymmetry; edema (swelling) erythema (redness); ulcers – arterial ulcers tend to be on the borders / sides of the foot, neuropathic ulcers on the plantar surface of the foot, venous ulcers tend on be on the medial aspect of the leg superior to the medial malleolus.