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In computer science, a memory leak is a type of resource leak that occurs when a computer program incorrectly manages memory allocations [1] in a way that memory which is no longer needed is not released. A memory leak may also happen when an object is stored in memory but cannot be accessed by the running code (i.e. unreachable memory). [2]
Meltdown exploits a race condition, inherent in the design of many modern CPUs.This occurs between memory access and privilege checking during instruction processing. . Additionally, combined with a cache side-channel attack, this vulnerability allows a process to bypass the normal privilege checks that isolate the exploit process from accessing data belonging to the operating system and other ...
A handle leak is a type of software bug that occurs when a computer program asks for a handle to a resource but does not free the handle when it is no longer used. [1] If this occurs frequently or repeatedly over an extended period of time, a large number of handles may be marked in-use and thus unavailable, causing performance problems or a ...
In 2017, two CPU vulnerabilities (dubbed Meltdown and Spectre) were discovered, which can use a cache-based side channel to allow an attacker to leak memory contents of other processes and the operating system itself. A timing attack watches data movement into and out of the CPU or memory on the hardware running the cryptosystem or algorithm ...
Typical resource leaks include memory leak and handle leak, particularly file handle leaks, though memory is often considered separately from other resources. [ 1 ] Examples of resources available in limited numbers to the operating system include internet sockets , file handles , process table entries, and process identifiers (PIDs).
User-mode memory dump, also known as minidump, [23] is a memory dump of a single process. It contains selected data records: full or partial (filtered) process memory; list of the threads with their call stacks and state (such as registers or TEB); information about handles to the kernel objects; list of loaded and unloaded libraries.
Rowhammer (also written as row hammer) is a computer security exploit that takes advantage of an unintended and undesirable side effect in dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) in which memory cells interact electrically between themselves by leaking their charges, possibly changing the contents of nearby memory rows that were not addressed in the original memory access.
The situation can continue indefinitely until the user closes some running applications or the active processes free up additional virtual memory resources. After initialization, most programs operate on a small number of code and data pages compared to the total memory the program requires.