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Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella typhi. [2] [3] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. [4] [5] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. [4]
While typhoid means 'typhus-like', typhus and typhoid fever are distinct diseases caused by different types of bacteria, the latter by specific strains of Salmonella typhi. [8] However, in some languages such as German , the term typhus does mean 'typhoid fever', and the here-described typhus is called by another name, such as the language's ...
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Rose spots on the abdomen of a man with typhoid fever. Paratyphoid fever resembles typhoid fever. Infection is characterized by a sustained fever, headache, abdominal pain, malaise, anorexia, a nonproductive cough (in early stage of illness), a relative bradycardia (slow heart rate), and hepatosplenomegaly (an enlargement of the liver and ...
Typhoid is contracted by drinking or eating contaminated matter and symptoms include nausea, fever, abdominal pain and pink spots on the chest. Drug-resistant 'superbug' strain of typhoid spreads ...
Symptoms usually begin with a sudden influenza-like stage characterised by fatigue, fever, weakness, decreased appetite, muscular pain, joint pain, headache, and sore throat. [1] [25] [27] [28] The fever is usually higher than 38.3 °C (101 °F). [29] This is often followed by nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and sometimes hiccups.
Azithromycin is an alternative in children [30] and pregnant women with scrub typhus, [31] [32] [33] and when doxycycline resistance is suspected. [34] Ciprofloxacin cannot be used safely in pregnancy and is associated with stillbirths and miscarriage. [33] [35] Combination therapy with doxycycline and rifampicin is not recommended due to ...
Symptoms of endemic typhus include headache, fever, muscle pain, joint pain, nausea and vomiting. 40–50% of patients will develop a discrete rash six days after the onset of signs. Up to 45% will develop neurological signs such as confusion, stupor, seizures or imbalance.
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