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Description: Mercator's 1595 map of the Arctic. Mercator, Gerhard, 1512-1594. "Septentrionalium Terrarum descriptio" [1595]. First state, from his posthumously published atlas, Atlantis pars altera.
The map is particularly notable for portraying a fragmentary record of the Brazilian coast, discovered in 1500 by Portuguese explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral who conjectured whether it was merely an island [39] or part of the continent that several Spanish expeditions had just encountered farther north (cf. Amerigo Vespucci).
The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled ... Also shows a Southern Continent at the South Pole. ... Franco (1987), The Cartography of North America, 1500–1800 ...
Gerardus Mercator's map of the North Pole from 1595 C.G. Zorgdragers map of the North Pole from 1720. As early as the 16th century, many prominent people correctly believed that the North Pole was in a sea, which in the 19th century was called the Polynya or Open Polar Sea. [7]
In 1715 Herman Moll published the Beaver Map, one of the most famous early maps of North America, which he copied from a 1698 work by Nicolas de Fer. In 1763–1767 Captain James Cook mapped Newfoundland. In 1777 Colonel Joseph Frederick Wallet DesBarres created a monumental four volume atlas of North America, Atlantic Neptune.
Gott, Goldberg and Vanderbei’s double-sided disk map was designed to minimize all six types of map distortions. Not properly "a" map projection because it is on two surfaces instead of one, it consists of two hemispheric equidistant azimuthal projections back-to-back. [5] [6] [7] 1879 Peirce quincuncial: Other Conformal Charles Sanders Peirce
1958: USS Nautilus (SSN-571) crosses the Arctic Ocean from the Pacific to the Atlantic beneath the polar sea ice, reaching the North Pole on 3 August 1958; 1959: Discoverer 1, a prototype with no camera, is the first satellite in polar orbit [10] 1959: USS Skate (SSN-578) becomes first submarine to surface at the North Pole on 17 March 1959
Detail from Gerardus Mercator's map of the Arctic (c. 1620 edition), showing the Rupes Nigra at the North Pole ('POLVS ARCTICVS'), surrounded by four large islands. The Rupes Nigra ("Black Rock"), a phantom island, was believed to be a black rock located at the Magnetic North Pole or at the geographic North Pole itself.