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It was also used to mark Roman numerals whose values are multiplied by 1,000. [2] Today, however, the common usage of a vinculum to indicate the repetend of a repeating decimal [3] [4] is a significant exception and reflects the original usage.
Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained ... Using the vinculum, conventional Roman numerals are multiplied by 1,000 by ...
In old mathematical notation, an overline was called a vinculum, a notation for grouping symbols which is expressed in modern notation by parentheses, though it persists for symbols under a radical sign. The original use in Ancient Greek was to indicate compositions of Greek letters as Greek numerals. [1]
1636 (using Roman numerals as superscripts) ... 1637 (with the vinculum above the radicand) René Descartes (La Géométrie) % percent sign: 1650 (approx.) unknown
The math historian D.E. Smith used vinculum in two senses; 1) to indicate multiples of 1000 (sometimes) in Roman numerals, especially in the works of Pliny (1st Century) and 2) the Romans and others later in the Middle Ages used it to distinguish numbers from words. In both of these usages he is using the term as a synonym for overline. More ...
The Roman numerals developed from Etruscan symbols around the middle of the 1st millennium BCE. [34] In the Etruscan system, the symbol 1 was a single vertical mark ...
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A binary clock might use LEDs to express binary values. In this clock, each column of LEDs shows a binary-coded decimal numeral of the traditional sexagesimal time.. The common names are derived somewhat arbitrarily from a mix of Latin and Greek, in some cases including roots from both languages within a single name. [27]