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Standard names of such functions in C are execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, and execvp (see below), but not "exec" itself. The Linux kernel has one corresponding system call named "execve", whereas all aforementioned functions are user-space wrappers around it.
fork() is the name of the system call that the parent process uses to "divide" itself ("fork") into two identical processes. After calling fork(), the created child process is an exact copy of the parent except for the return value of the fork() call.
In Unix, the loader is the handler for the system call execve(). [1] The Unix loader's tasks include: validation (permissions, memory requirements etc.); memory-mapping the executable object from the disk into main memory; copying the command-line arguments into virtual memory; initializing registers (e.g., the stack pointer);
The Linux kernel is a free and open source, [12]: ... For example execve(2) refers to a system call, and exec(3) refers to a userspace library wrapper.
In Linux, the file specified by interpreter can be executed if it has the execute rights and is one of the following: a native executable, such as an ELF binary; any kind of file for which an interpreter was registered via the binfmt_misc mechanism (such as for executing Microsoft .exe binaries using wine) another script starting with a shebang
Support for allowing only signed kernels to be booted through kexec was merged into version 3.17 of the Linux kernel mainline, which was released on October 5, 2014. [3] This disallows a root user to load arbitrary code via kexec and execute it, complementing the UEFI secure boot and in-kernel security mechanisms for ensuring that only signed ...
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The fork and execve functions in glibc are examples of this. They call the lower-level fork and execve system calls, respectively. This may lead to incorrectly using the terms "system call" and "syscall" to refer to higher-level library calls rather than the similarly named system calls, which they wrap. [4] [5]