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In philosophy, an action is an event that an agent performs for a purpose, that is, guided by the person's intention. [1] [2] The first question in the philosophy of action is to determine how actions differ from other forms of behavior, like involuntary reflexes.
The traditional discipline studying motivation is psychology. It investigates how motivation arises, which factors influence it, and what effects it has. [8] Motivation science is a more recent field of inquiry focused on an integrative approach that tries to link insights from different subdisciplines. [9]
Individuals are compelled to initiate motivated reasoning to lessen the amount of cognitive dissonance they feel. Cognitive dissonance is the feeling of psychological and physiological stress and unease between two conflicting cognitive and/or emotional elements (such as the desire to smoke, despite knowing it is unhealthy).
A positivistic approach to behavior research, TRA attempts to predict and explain one's intention of performing a certain behavior.The theory requires that behavior be clearly defined in terms of the four following concepts: Action (e.g. to go, get), Target (e.g. a mammogram), Context (e.g. at the breast screening center), and Time (e.g. in the 12 months). [7]
Intention or intent is a key aspect in criminal law. It refers to the state of mind of the perpetrator, specifically to their plan to commit a crime . [ 88 ] As such, it belongs to the mental element of the crime, known as mens rea , and not to the physical element, actus reus .
Using this model, they propose assessing individuals' differing levels of commitment with regard to tasks by measuring it on a scale of intent from motivation(an emotion) to volition (a decision). Discussions of impulse control (e.g., Kuhl and Heckhausen) and education (e.g., Corno), also make the motivation-volition distinction.
In social psychology, a motivated tactician is someone who shifts between quick-and-dirty cognitively economical tactics and more thoughtful, thorough strategies when processing information, depending on the type and degree of motivation. [1] Such behavior is a type of motivated reasoning.
Appraisal theory is the theory in psychology that emotions are extracted from our evaluations (appraisals or estimates) of events that cause specific reactions in different people. Essentially, our appraisal of a situation causes an emotional, or affective, response that is going to be based on that appraisal. [ 1 ]