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English: PDF version of the Rhetoric and Composition Wikibook. This file was created with MediaWiki to LaTeX . The LaTeX source code is attached to the PDF file (see imprint).
A common feature of rhetoric in the grand style is the use of a repeated pattern, often emphasizing a word or phrase; this can be in the form of anaphora (Greek for 'carrying back') whereby the beginning of a series of clauses are repeated:
The first line of the Rhetoric is: "Rhetoric is a counterpart (antistrophe) of dialectic." [ 1 ] : I.1.1 According to Aristotle, logic is concerned with reasoning to reach scientific certainty, while dialectic and rhetoric are concerned with probability and, thus, are the branches of philosophy that are best suited to human affairs.
Elocutio (lexis or phrasis in Greek) [1] [2] is a Latin term for the mastery of rhetorical devices and figures of speech in Western classical rhetoric. [2] Elocutio or style is the third of the five canons of classical rhetoric (the others being inventio, dispositio, memoria, and pronuntiatio) that concern the craft and delivery of speeches and writing.
However, Aristotle argued that speech can be used to classify, study, and interpret speeches and as a useful skill. Aristotle believed that this technique was an art, and that persuasive speech could have truth and logic embedded within it. In the end, rhetoric speech still remained popular and was used by many scholars and philosophers. [23]
In ancient Greece and Rome, the study of rhetoric, the art of oratory and persuasion, was a vital subject for students.One significant ongoing debate was whether one could be an effective speaker in a base cause or whether excellent rhetoric came from the excellence of the orator's character (Socrates, Plato, Cicero).
The use of rhetoric enabled authors to discuss the same topic in several ways, to be little a great subject, and to accord greatness to something small, for example, or to renew the old, and express the new in an old-fashioned manner.
Although these figures have been in use in rhetoric throughout history, the Rhetorica ad Herennium was the first text to compile them and discuss the effects they have on an audience. Many of the following figures described in Book 4 are still used in modern rhetoric , though they were originally intended specifically for use in oral debate.