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Worker at carbon black plant, 1942. Carbon black (with subtypes acetylene black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black and thermal black) is a material produced by the incomplete combustion of coal tar, vegetable matter, or petroleum products, including fuel oil, fluid catalytic cracking tar, and ethylene cracking in a limited supply of air.
Black carbon is in the air and circulates the globe. Black carbon travels along wind currents from Asian cities and accumulates over the Tibetan Plateau and Himalayan foothills. Black carbon (BC) is the light-absorbing refractory form of elemental carbon remaining after pyrolysis (e.g., charcoal) or produced by incomplete combustion (e.g., soot).
The expanded plant was expected to cost $1 billion, and produce an additional 180,000 tons of carbon black, 12 times more than the original Olive Creek plant, and include a place with capacity to produce 275,000 tons of anhydrous ammonia from hydrogen gas annually. [3] [11] In September that year, the original Olive Creek plant began production ...
Carbon black particle size is between 10 and 100 nm, while the surface particle size is between 20 and 1,500 m 2 /g. Generally speaking, small carbon black particles with a high surface area are darker, have higher viscosity and lower wettability, are harder to disperse, retain greater conductivity and absorb UV radiation well. [1] [2] [3] [7] [8]
The name is a portmanteau of the acronym VANTA (vertically aligned nanotube arrays) [5] and black. The original Vantablack coating was grown from a chemical vapour deposition process (CVD) and is claimed to be the "world's darkest material" absorbing up to 99.965% of visible light measured perpendicular to the material.
Carbon (from Latin carbo 'coal') is a chemical element; it has symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—meaning that its atoms are able to form up to four covalent bonds due to its valence shell exhibiting 4 electrons. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. [13] Carbon makes up about 0.025 percent of Earth's ...
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The Kværner process or the Kværner carbon black and hydrogen process (CB&H) is a method of producing carbon black and hydrogen gas from hydrocarbons such as methane, natural gas and biogas with no greenhouse gas pollution.