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The level of ethanol consumption that minimizes the risk of disease, injury, and death is subject to some controversy. [16] Several studies have found a J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and health, [17] [18] [2] [19] meaning that risk is minimized at a certain (non-zero) consumption level, and drinking below or above this level increases risk, with the risk level of drinking a ...
Alcohol expectations are beliefs and attitudes that people have about the effects they will experience when drinking alcoholic beverages. Alcohol expectancy theory posits that drinking behaviors are driven by these expectations, and the individual may be motivated to drink to obtain desired alcohol effects or, alternatively, motivated to ...
The term alcoholism was first used by Swedish physician Magnus Huss in an 1852 publication to describe the systemic adverse effects of alcohol. [16] Alcohol has a long history of use and misuse throughout recorded history. Biblical, Egyptian and Babylonian sources record the history of abuse and dependence on alcohol.
Kilmer said that by the 40-minute mark, when the physical effects of alcohol kick in — alcohol depresses, or slows down, the central nervous system — participants in the fourth group ...
Another one of alcohol's agreeable effects is body relaxation, which is possibly caused by neurons transmitting electrical signals in an alpha waves-pattern; such waves are actually observed (with the aid of EEGs) whenever the body is relaxed. [citation needed] Short-term effects of alcohol include the risk of injuries, violence, and fetal ...
The effects can manifest much later—mid-life Alcohol Use Disorder has been found to correlate with increased risk of severe cognitive and memory deficits in later life. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Alcohol related brain damage is not only due to the direct toxic effects of alcohol; alcohol withdrawal, nutritional deficiency, electrolyte disturbances, and ...
The reinforcing effects of alcohol consumption are mediated by acetaldehyde generated by catalase and other oxidizing enzymes such as cytochrome P-4502E1 in the brain. [60] Although acetaldehyde has been associated with some of the adverse and toxic effects of ethanol, it appears to play a central role in the activation of the mesolimbic ...
Alcohol intoxication, commonly described in higher doses as drunkenness or inebriation, [9] and known in overdose as alcohol poisoning, [1] is the behavior and physical effects caused by recent consumption of alcohol.