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  2. Social effects of evolutionary theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_effects_of...

    The theory of evolution by natural selection has also been adopted as a foundation for various ethical and social systems, such as social Darwinism, an idea that preceded the publication of The Origin of Species, popular in the 19th century, which holds that "the survival of the fittest" (a phrase coined in 1851 by Herbert Spencer, [1] 8 years before Darwin published his theory of evolution ...

  3. Objections to evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objections_to_evolution

    Objections to evolution have been raised since evolutionary ideas came to prominence in the 19th century. When Charles Darwin published his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, his theory of evolution (the idea that species arose through descent with modification from a single common ancestor in a process driven by natural selection) initially met opposition from scientists with different ...

  4. Postpositivism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpositivism

    Postpositivism or postempiricism is a metatheoretical stance that critiques and amends positivism [1] and has impacted theories and practices across philosophy, social sciences, and various models of scientific inquiry.

  5. Social Darwinism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Darwinism

    Social Darwinism is a body of pseudoscientific theories and societal practices that purport to apply biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology, economics and politics.

  6. Sociobiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociobiology

    However, there is continued resistance by some researchers over the application of evolutionary models to humans, particularly from within the social sciences, where culture has long been assumed to be the predominant driver of behavior. Nikolaas Tinbergen, whose work influenced sociobiology. Sociobiology is based upon two fundamental premises:

  7. Evolutionary ethics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_ethics

    The two major contributions that evolutionary biology may be able to make to this problem are, first, to justify and promote the conscious realization that it is conflicts of interest concentrated at the individual level which lead to ethical questions, and, second, to help identify the nature and intensity of the conflicts of interest involved ...

  8. Sociocultural evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociocultural_evolution

    It was the neo-evolutionary thinkers who brought back evolutionary thought and developed it to be acceptable to contemporary anthropology. Neo-evolutionism discards many ideas of classical social evolutionism, namely that of social progress, so dominant in previous sociology evolution-related theories. [68]

  9. Evolutionism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionism

    Evolutionism is a term used (often derogatorily) to denote the theory of evolution. Its exact meaning has changed over time as the study of evolution has progressed. In the 19th century, it was used to describe the belief that organisms deliberately improved themselves through progressive inherited change (orthogenesis).