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The Thirteen Colonies in their traditional groupings were: the New England Colonies (New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut); the Middle Colonies (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware); and the Southern Colonies (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia). [2]
The Province of Maryland [1] was an English and later British colony in North America from 1634 [2] until 1776, when the province was one of the Thirteen Colonies that joined in supporting the American Revolution against Great Britain. In 1781, Maryland was the 13th signatory to the Articles of Confederation.
Maryland then finally agreed to join the new American confederation by being one of the last of the former colonies ratifying the long proposed Articles in 1781, when they took effect. Later that same decade, Maryland became the seventh state to ratify the stronger government structure proposed in the new U.S. Constitution in 1788.
In the period following Oliver Cromwell's fall in England, the colony grew and transitioned to a slave economy. It saw the beginnings of industry and urbanization. At the turn of the eighteenth century, King William's War (1689–1697) and Queen Anne's War (1702–1714) brought Maryland into depression again as European demand for tobacco decreased sharply.
The Maryland Court of Appeals now the Supreme Court of Maryland is founded by Article 56 of the Maryland Constitution of 1776. Fort Clinton is erected by the Continental Army west bank of the Hudson River. Fort Defiance is constructed by Nathanael Greene. [13] Fort Salonga is built in Fort Salonga, New York.
The colonial history of the United States covers the period of European colonization of North America from the early 16th century until the uniting of the Thirteen English Colonies and creation of the United States in 1776, during the Revolutionary War.
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Prior to that, it was inhabited by several Native American tribes, mostly the Algonquian peoples. [13] As one of the original Thirteen Colonies, Maryland was founded by George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, a Catholic convert [14] [15] who sought to provide a religious haven for Catholics persecuted in England. [16]