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The electron affinity of molecules is a complicated function of their electronic structure. For instance the electron affinity for benzene is negative, as is that of naphthalene, while those of anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene are positive. In silico experiments show that the electron affinity of hexacyanobenzene surpasses that of fullerene. [5]
Electron affinity can be defined in two equivalent ways. First, as the energy that is released by adding an electron to an isolated gaseous atom. The second (reverse) definition is that electron affinity is the energy required to remove an electron from a singly charged gaseous negative ion.
The energy released when an electron is added to a neutral gaseous atom to form an anion is known as electron affinity. [15] Trend-wise, as one progresses from left to right across a period, the electron affinity will increase as the nuclear charge increases and the atomic size decreases resulting in a more potent force of attraction of the ...
English: electron affinity of the elements plotted against atomic number (the lines are an guide to the eye showing the trend per period; noble gases are "group 0" that starts a trend). Deutsch: Elektronenaffinität der Elemente aufgetragen über ihrer Ordnungszahl (die Hilfslinien zeigen den Trend innerhalb der Perioden; Edelgase sind in ...
Astatine is sometimes described as probably being a black solid (assuming it follows this trend), or as having a metallic appearance. Astatine is predicted to be a semiconductor, with a band gap of about 0.7 eV. It has a moderate ionisation energy (900 kJ/mol), high electron affinity (233 kJ/mol), and moderate electronegativity (2.2).
Lithium has a low ionization energy and readily gives up its lone valence electron to a fluorine atom, which has a positive electron affinity and accepts the electron that was donated by the lithium atom.
In this way, the electrons of an atom or ion form the most stable electron configuration possible. An example is the configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 3 for the phosphorus atom, meaning that the 1s subshell has 2 electrons, the 2s subshell has 2 electrons, the 2p subshell has 6 electrons, and so on.
Also, it may be helpful to include here some language from the top of the data page for Electron Affinity, which says: Electron affinity can be defined as either the energy released by adding an electron to a gaseous atom (negative quantity) or the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous anion (positive quantity).