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Caracalla then called off the war against the Caledonians and headed back to Rome to consolidate his power. Although forts erected by the Roman army of the Severan campaign were placed near those established by Agricola and were clustered at the mouths of the glens in the Highlands, the Caledonians were again in revolt in 210–211 and these ...
The Caledonians (/ ˌ k æ l ɪ ˈ d oʊ n i ən z /; Latin: Caledones or Caledonii; Ancient Greek: Καληδῶνες, Kalēdōnes) or the Caledonian Confederacy were a Brittonic-speaking tribal confederacy in what is now Scotland during the Iron Age and Roman eras.
Latin historians, including Tacitus and Cassius Dio, referred to the territory north of the River Forth as "Caledonia", and described it as inhabited by the Maeatae and the Caledonians (Latin: Caledonii). Other ancient authors, however, used the adjective "Caledonian" more generally to describe anything pertaining to inland or northern Britain. [1]
The Caledonians were cut down and trampled on the lower slopes of the hill. Those at the top attempted an outflanking movement but were themselves outflanked by Roman cavalry. The Caledonians were then comprehensively routed and fled for the shelter of nearby woodland, but were relentlessly pursued by well-organised Roman units.
The House of Dunkeld (in Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Chailleann, lit. 'Fort of the Caledonii' or "of the Caledonians") is a historiographical and genealogical construct to illustrate the clear succession of Scottish kings from 1034 to 1040 and from 1058 to 1286.
Dunkeld (/ d ʌ ŋ ˈ k ɛ l /, Scots: Dunkell, [2] from Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Chailleann, "fort of the Caledonians" [3]) is a town in Perth and Kinross, Scotland.The location of a historic cathedral, it lies on the north bank of the River Tay, opposite Birnam.
The name comes from the Gaelic Sìth Chailleann, meaning "fairy hill of the Caledonians"; [3] compare nearby Dunkeld (Gaelic Dùn Chailleann), whose name means "fort of the Caledonians". [4] A Lowland name for the mountain, recorded in the 18th century, was "Maiden Pap". [5]
19th-century print depicting Calgacus delivering his speech to the Caledonians. According to Tacitus, Calgacus (sometimes Calgacos or Galgacus) was a chieftain of the Caledonian Confederacy who fought the Roman army of Gnaeus Julius Agricola at the Battle of Mons Graupius in northern Scotland in AD 83 or 84.