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The circumcision controversy in early Christianity played an important role in Christian theology. [1] [2] [3] [4]The circumcision of Jesus is celebrated as a feast day in the liturgical calendar of many Christian denominations, while the teachings of the Apostle Paul asserted that physical circumcision was unnecessary for the salvation of Gentiles and their membership in the New Covenant.
Circumcision is widely practiced among Christian communities in the Anglosphere, Oceania, [40] South Korea, the Philippines, and the Middle East. [41] Circumcision is rare in Europe, East Asia, as well as in India. Christians in the East and West Indies (excluding the Philippines) do not practice it.
Circumcision of Abraham's son Isaac. Regensburg Pentateuch, Israel Museum, Jerusalem (c. 1300). The Book of Genesis explains circumcision as a covenant with God given to Abraham, [24] In Judaism it "symbolizes the promise of lineage and fruitfulness of a great nation," [25] the "seal of ownership and the guarantee of relationship between peoples and their god."
A detail from The Circumcision of Christ by Friedrich Herlin. The circumcision of Jesus is an event from the life of Jesus, according to the Gospel of Luke chapter 2, which states: And when eight days were fulfilled to circumcise the child, his name was called Jesus, the name called by the angel before he was conceived in the womb. [1]
The Talmud understands this episode to underscore the primacy of the biblical command for fathers to promptly circumcise their sons (either on the eighth day or at the first opportunity thereafter), such that even someone of Moses's accrued merit and stature was not exempt from punishment by death for delaying his son's circumcision even briefly.
Coptic children wearing traditional circumcision costumes. Circumcision has also played a major role in Christian history and theology. [12] [13] The Council of Jerusalem in the early Christian Church declared that circumcision was not necessary for Christians; [14] covenant theology largely views the Christian sacrament of baptism as fulfilling the Israelite practice of circumcision, both ...
The verse literally translates to "There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus". [2] David Scholer, New Testament scholar at Fuller Theological Seminary, believes that the passage is "the fundamental Pauline theological basis for the inclusion of women and men as equal and mutual partners in all of the ministries of the church."
Forced circumcision is the circumcision of men and boys against their will. [1] In a biblical context, the term is used especially in relation to Paul the Apostle and his polemics against the circumcision controversy in early Christianity. [2]