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The method of Eratosthenes used to sieve out prime numbers is employed in this proof. This sketch of a proof makes use of simple algebra only. This was the method by which Euler originally discovered the formula. There is a certain sieving property that we can use to our advantage:
The equation relates values of the Riemann zeta function at the points s and 1 − s, in particular relating even positive integers with odd negative integers. Owing to the zeros of the sine function, the functional equation implies that ζ ( s ) has a simple zero at each even negative integer s = −2 n , known as the trivial zeros of ζ ( s ) .
Zeros of the Riemann zeta except negative even integers are called "nontrivial zeros". The Riemann hypothesis states that the real part of every nontrivial zero must be 1 / 2 . In other words, all known nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta are of the form z = 1 / 2 + yi where y is a real number.
Similarly Selberg zeta functions satisfy the analogue of the Riemann hypothesis, and are in some ways similar to the Riemann zeta function, having a functional equation and an infinite product expansion analogous to the Euler product expansion. But there are also some major differences; for example, they are not given by Dirichlet series.
where ω(n) counts the number of distinct prime factors of n, and 2 ω(n) is the number of square-free divisors. If χ ( n ) is a Dirichlet character of conductor N , so that χ is totally multiplicative and χ ( n ) only depends on n mod N , and χ ( n ) = 0 if n is not coprime to N , then
In mathematics, the Riemann–von Mangoldt formula, named for Bernhard Riemann and Hans Carl Friedrich von Mangoldt, describes the distribution of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function. The formula states that the number N(T) of zeros of the zeta function with imaginary part greater than 0 and less than or equal to T satisfies
The Riemann zeta function belongs to a more general family of functions called L-functions. In 2010, new methods to obtain sub-convexity estimates for L-functions in the PGL(2) case were given by Joseph Bernstein and Andre Reznikov [ 36 ] and in the GL(1) and GL(2) case by Akshay Venkatesh and Philippe Michel [ 37 ] and in 2021 for the GL( n ...
The Riemann zeta function is also meromorphic in the whole complex plane, with a single pole of order 1 at z = 1. Its zeros in the left halfplane are all the negative even integers, and the Riemann hypothesis is the conjecture that all other zeros are along Re( z ) = 1/2 .