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Pneuma (πνεῦμα) is an ancient Greek word for "breath", and in a religious context for "spirit". [1] [2] It has various technical meanings for medical writers and philosophers of classical antiquity, particularly in regard to physiology, and is also used in Greek translations of ruach רוח in the Hebrew Bible, and in the Greek New Testament.
The following is an alphabetical list of Greek and Latin roots, stems, and prefixes commonly used in the English language from P to Z. See also the lists from A to G and from H to O . Some of those used in medicine and medical technology are not listed here but instead in the entry for List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes .
Politeia is derived from both the root word polis meaning "city" or "state", [5] and from the verb politeuomai that means "I am living as an active citizen of the polis". People living in a Greek city/state were not necessarily citizens. A person that was ostracized from the active matrix of the city was an example of such.
Polysemy is distinct from monosemy, where a word has a single meaning. [3] Polysemy is distinct from homonymy—or homophony—which is an accidental similarity between two or more words (such as bear the animal, and the verb bear); whereas homonymy is a mere linguistic coincidence, polysemy is not. In discerning whether a given set of meanings ...
In Greek mythology, Poena or Poine (Ancient Greek: Ποινή, romanized: Poinḗ, lit. 'recompense, punishment') is the spirit of punishment [1] and the attendant of punishment to Nemesis, [2] the goddess of divine retribution. Sometimes mentioned as one being, and sometimes in the plural as Poenai (Ποιναί) and are akin to the Erinyes. [3]
The term doxa is an ancient Greek noun related to the verb dokein (δοκεῖν), meaning 'to appear, to seem, to think, to accept'. [1]Between the 3rd and 1st centuries BC, the term picked up an additional meaning when the Septuagint used doxa to translate the Biblical Hebrew word for "glory" (כבוד, kavod).
Heidegger referred to poiesis as a "bringing-forth", or physis as emergence. Examples of physis are the blooming of the blossom, the coming-out of a butterfly from a cocoon, and the plummeting of a waterfall when the snow begins to melt; the last two analogies underline Heidegger's example of a threshold occasion, a moment of ecstasis when something moves away from its standing as one thing to ...
Thumos, also spelled Thymos (Ancient Greek: θυμός), is the Ancient Greek concept of ' spiritedness ' (as in "a spirited stallion" or "spirited debate"). [1] The word indicates a physical association with breath or blood and is also used to express the human desire for recognition. It is not a somatic feeling, as nausea and dizziness are.