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Immigration has been, and remains, the most important factor in Canada's population growth. [6] The 2021 Canadian census counted a total population of 36,991,981, an increase of around 5.2 per cent over the 2016 figure. [7] [8] Between 1990 and 2008, the population increased by 5.6 million, equivalent to 20.4 per cent overall growth. [9]
The main driver of population growth is immigration, [8] [9] with 6.2% of the country's population being made up of temporary residents as of 2023, [10] or about 2.5 million people. [11] Between 2011 and May 2016, Canada's population grew by 1.7 million people, with immigrants accounting for two-thirds of the increase.
Population growth in the Northwest Territories, and then the Western provinces, picked up when the Canadian government passed the Dominion Lands Act in 1872 to encourage the settlement of the Canadian Prairies, and to help prevent the area from being claimed by the United States. [10]
The 2021 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population with a reference date of May 11, 2021. [1] It follows the 2016 Canadian census, which recorded a population of 35,151,728. [2] The overall response rate was 98%, which is slightly lower than the response rate for the 2016 census. [3]
Data for 1841 and some 1851 data drawn from the 1931 Canadian census. [3] With the exception of Nunavut prior to 1996, the population figures largely reflect modern provincial boundaries; prior to 1996, the population of modern Nunavut is reported with Northwest Territories.
The main drivers of population growth are immigration and, to a lesser extent, natural growth. [279] Canada has one of the highest per-capita immigration rates in the world, [280] driven mainly by economic policy and family reunification. [281] A record 405,000 immigrants were admitted in 2021. [282]
The table below lists the 100 largest census subdivisions (municipalities or municipal equivalents) in Canada by population, using data from the 2021 Canadian census for census subdivisions. [1] This list includes only the population within a census subdivision's boundaries as defined at the time of the census.
Since confederation in 1867 through to the contemporary era, decadal and demi-decadal census reports in Canada have compiled detailed immigration statistics. During this period, the highest annual immigration rate in Canada occurred in 1913, when 400,900 new immigrants accounted for 5.3 percent of the total population, [1] [2] while the greatest number of immigrants admitted to Canada in ...