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Chinese transfer pricing rules apply to transactions between a Chinese business and domestic and foreign related parties. A related party includes enterprises meeting one of eight different tests, including 25% equity ownership in common, overlapping boards or management, significant debt holdings, and other tests.
The setting of the amount of related party charges is commonly referred to as transfer pricing. Many jurisdictions have become sensitive to the potential for shifting profits with transfer pricing, and have adopted rules regulating setting or testing of prices or allowance of deductions or inclusion of income for related party transactions.
Although the amount of empirical analysis about transfer pricing is quite small, it is clear that the amount of trade mispricing occurring in African exports is higher than that of the developed world, since in Africa there is the insufficient implementation of OECD guidelines and generally less air-tight laws.
On 8 March 2017, the government of India imposed anti-dumping duty ranging from US$6.30 to US$351.72 per tonne on imports of jute and its products from Bangladesh and Nepal. [28] Later the government of India withdrew the anti-dumping duty in case of Nepal. On 26 October 2017, India imposed anti-dumping duty on stainless steel from US, EU and ...
Gilligan, Colin and Hird, Marin; International Marketing: Strategy and Management (1st ed, 1986) Goode Ray et al.; Transnational Commercial Law – International Instruments and Commentary (1st, 2004) Hoyle, Mark S. W.; The Law of International Trade (2nd ed, 1985) Inns of Court School of Law, Law of International Trade in Practice (1st ed, 1998)
It is also one of the key elements in international taxation as it allows an adequate allocation of profit taxation rights among countries that conclude double tax conventions, through transfer pricing, among each other. Transfer pricing and the arm's length principle were one of the focal points of the base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS ...
India faces more difficulties in proliferating its income tax than a country like China, who subjects 20% of its population, because there is an emphatically low amount of formal wage earners. [27] Even though India's income tax was instituted in 1922 by the British, their tax history explains their high degree of tax delinquency today. [27]
A Controlled Foreign Corporation [4] is any corporation organized outside the U.S. (a foreign corporation) that is more than 50% owned by U.S. Shareholders. A U.S. Shareholder is any U.S. person (individual or entity) that owns 10% or more of the foreign corporation. Complex rules apply to attribute ownership of one person to another person. [5]