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Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a medical condition in which the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth: this allows a portion of oxygenated blood from the left heart to flow back to the lungs from the aorta, which has a higher blood pressure, to the pulmonary artery, which has a lower blood pressure.
The ductus arteriosus, also called the ductus Botalli, named after the Italian physiologist Leonardo Botallo, is a blood vessel in the developing fetus connecting the trunk of the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta. It allows most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus's fluid-filled non-functioning lungs.
Prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1) is a naturally occurring prostaglandin and is also used as a medication (alprostadil). [2]In infants with congenital heart defects, it is delivered by slow injection into a vein to open the ductus arteriosus until surgery can be carried out. [3]
The treatment of pulmonary atresia consists of administration of an IV medication called prostaglandin E1, which is used for treatment of pulmonary atresia by stopping the ductus arteriosus from closing. This allows mixing of blood from the pulmonary and systemic circulations.
Awaiting surgery, prostaglandin can be administered to keep the ductus arteriosus open, thereby allowing blood flow to the lower body. After successful treatment, the patient is monitored for the rest of their life by a specialist to ensure that problems do not occur. [5]
When the disorder is detected (usually before or soon after birth), prostaglandin will be temporarily used as soon as possible to keep the ductus arteriosus open for as long as possible until surgery can be done, this is done so that blood can keep flowing to the lungs, since the bodies of babies with pulmonary atresia usually use the ductus ...
Treatment is based on: PGE1 to maintain patent ductus arteriosus. [7] First operation: modified Blalock-Taussig shunt to maintain pulmonary blood flow by placing a Gore-Tex conduit between the subclavian artery and the pulmonary artery. See also Norwood procedure.
[13] [14] A stent is placed in the ductus arteriosus to keep it patent and bands are placed over both the left and right pulmonary arteries to limit pressure and over-circulation to the lungs. [15] Another option is cardiac transplantation, although this is uncommon due to the limited availability of neonatal donor hearts.
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