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In neuroanatomy, the mandibular nerve (V 3) is the largest of the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth cranial nerve (CN V). Unlike the other divisions of the trigeminal nerve ( ophthalmic nerve , maxillary nerve ) which contain only afferent fibers , the mandibular nerve contains both afferent and efferent fibers .
The pathway of the facial nerve is long and relatively convoluted, so there are a number of causes that may result in facial nerve paralysis. [2] The most common is Bell's palsy , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] a disease of unknown cause that may only be diagnosed by exclusion of identifiable serious causes.
Thus the facial artery can be used as an important landmark in locating the marginal mandibular nerve during surgical procedures. [2] Damage can cause paralysis of the three muscles it supplies, which can cause an asymmetrical smile due to lack of contraction of the depressor labii inferioris muscle . [ 3 ]
The ophthalmic division is tested by touching the forehead, the maxillary division is tested by touching the cheeks, and the mandibular division is tested by touching the chin. Be careful not to test the mandibular division too laterally, as the mandible is innervated by the great auricular nerve (C2 and C3). A common mistake is to use a ...
The buccal branches of the facial nerve (infraorbital branches), are of larger size than the rest of the branches, pass horizontally forward to be distributed below the orbit and around the mouth. Branches
The auriculotemporal nerve is a sensory branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V 3) that runs with the superficial temporal artery and vein, and provides sensory innervation to parts of the external ear, scalp, and temporomandibular joint. The nerve also conveys post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibres from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland. [1]
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This reflects good practice recommended by the Royal College of Anaesthetists (prior warning of potential nerve injury in relation to spinal and epidural blocks 1 on 24–57,000 risk). [5] [failed verification] Infiltration dentistry is a technique that may reduce the possibility of lingual nerve injuries by avoiding deep injections. [6]