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The oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids can be carried out using a variety of reagents, but O 2 /air and nitric acid dominate as the oxidants on a commercial scale. Large scale oxidations of this type are used for the conversion of cyclohexanol alone or as a mixture with cyclohexanone to adipic acid .
Fétizon's reagent is used primarily in the oxidation of primary or secondary alcohols to aldehydes or ketones with a slight selectivity toward secondary alcohols [8] and unsaturated alcohols. [1] The reaction is typically done in a refluxing dry non-polar organic solvent with copious stirring.
The solid consists of K + and the tetrahedral FeO 2− 4 anion, with Fe-O distances of 1.66 Å. [7] Potassium ferrate decomposes rapidly in neutral and acidic water, e.g.: [8] 4 K 2 FeO 4 + 4 H 2 O → 3 O 2 + 2 Fe 2 O 3 + 8 KOH. In alkaline solution and as a dry solid, K 2 FeO 4 is stable. Under the acidic conditions, the oxidation–reduction ...
For oxidations to the aldehydes and ketones, two equivalents of chromic acid oxidize three equivalents of the alcohol: 2 HCrO 4 − + 3 RR'C(OH)H + 8 H + + 4 H 2 O → 2 [Cr(H 2 O) 6] 3+ + 3 RR'CO. For oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids, 4 equivalents of chromic acid oxidize 3 equivalents of the alcohol. The aldehyde is an ...
PCC is used as an oxidant.In particular, it has proven to be highly effective in oxidizing primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, respectively.The reagent is more selective than the related Jones' Reagent, so there is little chance of over-oxidation to form carboxylic acids if acidified potassium permanganate is used as long as water is not present in the reaction mixture.
Oxidation with chromium(VI) complexes involves the conversion of alcohols to carbonyl compounds or more highly oxidized products through the action of molecular chromium(VI) oxides and salts. [1] The principal reagents are Collins reagent, PDC, and PCC. These reagents represent improvements over inorganic chromium(VI) reagents such as Jones ...
The Albright–Goldman oxidation is a name reaction of organic chemistry, first described by the American chemists J. Donald Albright and Leon Goldman in 1965. [1] The reaction is particularly suitable for the synthesis of aldehydes from primary alcohols. Analogously, secondary alcohols can be oxidized to form ketones.
Dihydroxylation is the process by which an alkene is converted into a vicinal diol.Although there are many routes to accomplish this oxidation, the most common and direct processes use a high-oxidation-state transition metal (typically osmium or manganese).