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The stigma, together with the style and ovary (typically called the stigma-style-ovary system) comprises the pistil, which is part of the gynoecium or female reproductive organ of a plant. The stigma itself forms the distal portion of the style, or stylodia, and is composed of stigmatic papillae , the cells of which are receptive to pollen.
Diagram of a blooming flower showing the position of the style. In botany, the style of an angiosperm flower is an organ of variable length that connects the ovary to the stigma. [1] The style does not contain ovules; these are limited to the region of the gynoecium (female organs of the flower) called the "ovary".
In the flowering plants, an ovary is a part of the female reproductive organ of the flower or gynoecium. Specifically, it is the part of the pistil which holds the ovule (s) and is located above or below or at the point of connection with the base of the petals and sepals .
Close-up of a Schlumbergera flower, showing part of the gynoecium (specifically the stigma and part of the style) and the stamens that surround it. Plant reproductive morphology is the study of the physical form and structure (the morphology) of those parts of plants directly or indirectly concerned with sexual reproduction.
The function of these flowers is to specialize, within a group of flowers that are perfect, in attracting pollinating insects to the inflorescence. Such flowers, called neutral or asexual , are usually arranged on the periphery of the inflorescence and can be observed, for example, in many species of the compositae family, such as the daisy ...
Some flowers, such as those of Tulipa, do not have a distinct style, and the stigma sits directly on the ovary. The style is a hollow tube in some plants, such as lilies, or has transmitting tissue through which the pollen tubes grow. [15]
As flowers grew more advanced, some variations developed parts fused together, with a much more specific number and design, and with either specific sexes per flower or plant, or at least "ovary inferior". The general assumption is that the function of flowers, from the start, was to involve animals in the reproduction process.
Carpel – the ovule-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary. Claw – a noticeably narrowed or attenuated organ base, typically a petal; e.g. Viola . Connate – when the same parts of a flower are fused to each other, petals in a gamopetalous flower; e.g. Petunia .