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Cholesterol is the principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. [3] [4]Cholesterol is biosynthesized by all animal cells [citation needed] and is an essential structural and signaling component of animal cell membranes.
Cholesterol total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule cholesterol and is considered a great scientific achievement. [1] The research group of Robert Robinson with John Cornforth ( Oxford University ) published their synthesis in 1951 [ 2 ] and that of Robert Burns Woodward with Franz Sondheimer ...
Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and degradation of lipids in cells, involving the breakdown and storage of fats for energy and the synthesis of structural and functional lipids, such as those involved in the construction of cell membranes. In animals, these fats are obtained from food and are synthesized by the liver. [1]
where H is HDL cholesterol, L is LDL cholesterol, C is total cholesterol, T are triglycerides, and k is 0.20 if the quantities are measured in mg/dL and 0.45 if in mmol/L. There are limitations to this method, most notably that samples must be obtained after a 12 to 14 h fast and that LDL-C cannot be calculated if plasma triglyceride is >4.52 ...
Cholesterol Synthesis Archived 4 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine - has some good regulatory details; Proteopedia HMG-CoA_Reductase - the HMG-CoA Reductase Structure in Interactive 3D; Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P04035 (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase) at the PDBe-KB
Figure 1: Lanosterol synthase mechanism. The discrete carbocation intermediates show the non-concerted nature of the mechanism. Though some data on the mechanism has been obtained by the use of suicide inhibitors, mutagenesis studies, and homology modeling, it is still not fully understood how the enzyme catalyzes the formation of lanosterol.
Structure of a chylomicron (the largest lipoprotein). ApoA , ApoB , ApoC , ApoE are apolipoproteins ; green particles are phospholipids ; T is triglyceride ; C is cholesterol ester . A lipoprotein is a biochemical assembly whose primary function is to transport hydrophobic lipid (also known as fat ) molecules in water, as in blood plasma or ...
[2] [3] The most familiar type of animal sterol is cholesterol, which is vital to the structure of the cell membrane, and functions as a precursor to fat-soluble vitamins and steroid hormones. While technically alcohols, sterols are classified by biochemists as lipids ( fats in the broader sense of the term).