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Lighter skinned (African descendant Americans) are usually "more mixed" than the average African American, with the white ancestors sometimes being several generations back, which gives them a multiracial phenotype. [134] [135] [136] Some of these lighter African Americans have abandoned the black identity and started to identify as multiracial ...
The 2003 Maputo Protocol on women's rights in Africa set the continental standard for progressive expansion of women's rights. It guarantees comprehensive rights to women, including the right to participate in the political process, social and political equality with men, autonomy in their reproductive health decisions, and an end to female genital mutilation (FGM).
Americans of Ghanaian descent are still considered oborɔnyi because they come from abroad. Oborɔnyi are considered amusing, especially in rural areas, where children might follow around a foreigner, chanting the word. [4] The term is not derogatory, but a way to identify someone who is not a native-born Ghanaian, or an "obibinyi."
Most African Americans are descendants of enslaved people within the boundaries of the present United States. [8] [9] While some Black immigrants or their children may also come to identify as African American, the majority of first-generation immigrants do not, preferring to identify with their nation of origin.
The terms multiracial people refer to people who are of multiple races, [1] and the terms multi-ethnic people refer to people who are of more than one ethnicities. [2] [3] A variety of terms have been used both historically and presently for multiracial people in a variety of contexts, including multiethnic, polyethnic, occasionally bi-ethnic, biracial, mixed-race, Métis, Muwallad, [4] Melezi ...
The immigration of African Americans, West Indians, and Black Britons to Africa occurred mainly during the late 18th century to mid-19th century. In the cases of Liberia and Sierra Leone both were established by freed enslaved people who were repatriated to Africa within a 28-year period.
Its first printed use came as early as 1991 in William G. Hawkeswood's "One of the Children: An Ethnography of Identity and Gay Black Men," wherein one of the subjects used the word "tea" to mean ...
According to a study conducted in 2011, the African American DNA consists on average of 73.2% West African, 24% European and 0.8% Native American DNA. [127] The European ancestry of African Americans is largely patrilineal with an estimated 19% of African American ancestors being European males, and 5% being European females. [127]