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  2. Plasma osmolality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_Osmolality

    Whereas osmolality (with an "l") is defined as the number of osmoles (Osm) of solute per kilogram of solvent (osmol/kg or Osm/kg), osmolarity (with an "r") is defined as the number of osmoles of solute per liter (L) of solution (osmol/L or Osm/L). As such, larger numbers indicate a greater concentration of solutes in the plasma.

  3. Osmotic concentration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmotic_concentration

    In simpler terms, osmolality is an expression of solute osmotic concentration per mass of solvent, whereas osmolarity is per volume of solution (thus the conversion by multiplying with the mass density of solvent in solution (kg solvent/litre solution). =

  4. Balanced salt solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_salt_solution

    The osmolality is approximately 300 mOsm/Kg. [3] BSS Plus ... Osmolality is approximately 305 mOsm. [3] See also. Saline (medicine) Intravenous sugar solution;

  5. Stool osmotic gap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stool_osmotic_gap

    [2] 290 mOsm/kg is the presumed stool osmolality, and the measured concentration of sodium and potassium cations is doubled to account for the corresponding anions which must be present. [citation needed] A normal gap is between 50 and 100 mOsm/kg, [3] corresponding to the concentration of other solutes such as magnesium salts and sugars ...

  6. Osmotherapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmotherapy

    Normal serum osmolality ranges from 280 to 290 mOsm/kg and serum osmolality to cause water removal from brain without much side effects ranges from 300 to 320 mOsm/kg. Usually, 90 mL of space is created in the intracranial vault by 1.6% reduction in brain water content. [ 1 ]

  7. Injection site reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_site_reaction

    Osmolality – ideally isotonic (~300 mOsm/kg); although hyptertonicity allows reduced volume of injection, an upper limit (~600 mOsm/kg) is advised to minimize hypertonicity-induced pain [3] Viscosity – lower viscosity leads to more pain

  8. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperosmolar_hyperglycemic...

    A relative insulin deficiency leads to a serum glucose that is usually higher than 33 mmol/L (600 mg/dL), and a resulting serum osmolarity that is greater than 320 mOsm. This leads to excessive urination (more specifically an osmotic diuresis ), which, in turn, leads to volume depletion and hemoconcentration that causes a further increase in ...

  9. Osmol gap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmol_gap

    The osmol gap is typically calculated with the following formula (all values in mmol/L): = = ([+] + [] + []) In non-SI laboratory units: Calculated osmolality = 2 x [Na mmol/L] + [glucose mg/dL] / 18 + [BUN mg/dL] / 2.8 + [ethanol/3.7] [3] (note: the values 18 and 2.8 convert mg/dL into mmol/L; the molecular weight of ethanol is 46, but empiric data shows that it does not act as an ideal ...

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